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At what stage in the drinking process does drinking water affect attention and memory? Effects of mouth rinsing and mouth drying in adults.

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Title: At what stage in the drinking process does drinking water affect attention and memory? Effects of mouth rinsing and mouth drying in adults.
Authors: Edmonds, Caroline J. (AUTHOR), Skeete, Jamila (AUTHOR), Klamerus, Eva (AUTHOR), Gardner, Mark (AUTHOR)
Source: Psychological Research. 2021, Vol. 85 Issue 1, p214-222. 9p. 1 Chart.
Subjects: Mouthwashes, Drinking water, Thirst, Short-term memory, Attention, Drying
Abstract: Drinking water is important for health and there is an agreement that drinking water facilitates certain cognitive processes. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of drinking water on cognition is unknown. While attention performance is improved by even a very small drink, memory performance seems to require larger drinks for performance enhancement. This suggests that attention could be affected earlier in the drinking process than memory. We aimed to elucidate further the mechanism involved by investigating the stage during the drinking process influencing performance on cognitive tasks. To this end, we compared mouth rinsing and mouth drying. Mouth rinsing was expected to result in improved attention performance and would suggest that the mechanism responsible is located in the mouth and occurs early in the drinking process, before swallowing. Eighty-seven adults participated in either a treatment (mouth rinsing or mouth drying) or control (no intervention) condition. They were assessed at baseline and 20 min later after intervention on measures of visual attention, short-term memory, subjective thirst and mood. Our results showed that mouth rinsing improved visual attention, but not short-term memory, mood or subjective thirst. Mouth drying did not affect performance. Our results support the hypothesis that different mechanisms underlie the effect of drinking water on different cognitive processes. They suggest that merely sipping water, as opposed to having a large drink, can improve attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychological Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: At what stage in the drinking process does drinking water affect attention and memory? Effects of mouth rinsing and mouth drying in adults.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Edmonds%2C+Caroline+J%2E%22">Edmonds, Caroline J.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Skeete%2C+Jamila%22">Skeete, Jamila</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Klamerus%2C+Eva%22">Klamerus, Eva</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gardner%2C+Mark%22">Gardner, Mark</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychological+Research%22">Psychological Research</searchLink>. 2021, Vol. 85 Issue 1, p214-222. 9p. 1 Chart.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mouthwashes%22">Mouthwashes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drinking+water%22">Drinking water</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thirst%22">Thirst</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Short-term+memory%22">Short-term memory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attention%22">Attention</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drying%22">Drying</searchLink>
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  Data: Drinking water is important for health and there is an agreement that drinking water facilitates certain cognitive processes. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of drinking water on cognition is unknown. While attention performance is improved by even a very small drink, memory performance seems to require larger drinks for performance enhancement. This suggests that attention could be affected earlier in the drinking process than memory. We aimed to elucidate further the mechanism involved by investigating the stage during the drinking process influencing performance on cognitive tasks. To this end, we compared mouth rinsing and mouth drying. Mouth rinsing was expected to result in improved attention performance and would suggest that the mechanism responsible is located in the mouth and occurs early in the drinking process, before swallowing. Eighty-seven adults participated in either a treatment (mouth rinsing or mouth drying) or control (no intervention) condition. They were assessed at baseline and 20 min later after intervention on measures of visual attention, short-term memory, subjective thirst and mood. Our results showed that mouth rinsing improved visual attention, but not short-term memory, mood or subjective thirst. Mouth drying did not affect performance. Our results support the hypothesis that different mechanisms underlie the effect of drinking water on different cognitive processes. They suggest that merely sipping water, as opposed to having a large drink, can improve attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychological Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s00426-019-01229-8
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Thirst
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