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Shortening the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale using optimal test assembly methods: Development of the EPDS‐Dep‐5.

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Title: Shortening the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale using optimal test assembly methods: Development of the EPDS‐Dep‐5.
Authors: Harel, Daphna (AUTHOR), Levis, Brooke (AUTHOR), Ishihara, Miyabi (AUTHOR), Levis, Alexander W. (AUTHOR), Vigod, Simone N. (AUTHOR), Howard, Louise M. (AUTHOR), Thombs, Brett D. (AUTHOR), Benedetti, Andrea (AUTHOR), Sun, Ying (AUTHOR), He, Chen (AUTHOR), Krishnan, Ankur (AUTHOR), Wu, Yin (AUTHOR), Bhandari, Parash Mani (AUTHOR), Neupane, Dipika (AUTHOR), Negeri, Zelalem (AUTHOR), Imran, Mahrukh (AUTHOR), Rice, Danielle B. (AUTHOR), Azar, Marleine (AUTHOR), Chiovitti, Matthew J. (AUTHOR), Saadat, Nazanin (AUTHOR)
Source: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Apr2021, Vol. 143 Issue 4, p348-362. 15p. 8 Charts.
Subjects: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Item response theory, Test methods, Confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha
Abstract: Aims: This study used a large database to develop a reliable and valid shortened form of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), a self‐report questionnaire used for depression screening in pregnancy and postpartum, based on objective criteria. Methods: Item responses from the 10‐item EPDS were obtained from 5157 participants (765 major depression cases) from 22 primary screening accuracy studies that compared the EPDS to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID). Unidimensionality of the EPDS latent construct was verified using confirmatory factor analysis, and an item response theory model was fit. Optimal test assembly (OTA) methods identified a maximally informative shortened form for each possible scale length between 1 and 9 items. The final shortened form was selected based on pre‐specified validity and reliability criteria and non‐inferiority of screening accuracy of the EPDS as compared to the SCID. Results: A 5‐item short form of the EPDS (EPDS‐Dep‐5) was selected. The EPDS‐Dep‐5 had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.82. Sensitivity and specificity of the EPDS‐Dep‐5 for a cutoff of 4 or greater were 0.83 (95% CI, 0.73, 0.89) and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.80, 0.90) and were statistically non‐inferior to the EPDS. The correlation of total scores with the full EPDS was high (r = 0.91). Conclusion: The EPDS‐Dep‐5 is a valid short form with minimal loss of information when compared to the full‐length EPDS. The EPDS‐Dep‐5 was developed with OTA methods using objective, pre‐specified criteria, but the approach is data‐driven and exploratory. Thus, there is a need to replicate results of this study in different populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Shortening the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale using optimal test assembly methods: Development of the EPDS‐Dep‐5.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Acta+Psychiatrica+Scandinavica%22">Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica</searchLink>. Apr2021, Vol. 143 Issue 4, p348-362. 15p. 8 Charts.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Edinburgh+Postnatal+Depression+Scale%22">Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Item+response+theory%22">Item response theory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+methods%22">Test methods</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confirmatory+factor+analysis%22">Confirmatory factor analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cronbach's+alpha%22">Cronbach's alpha</searchLink>
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  Data: Aims: This study used a large database to develop a reliable and valid shortened form of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), a self‐report questionnaire used for depression screening in pregnancy and postpartum, based on objective criteria. Methods: Item responses from the 10‐item EPDS were obtained from 5157 participants (765 major depression cases) from 22 primary screening accuracy studies that compared the EPDS to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID). Unidimensionality of the EPDS latent construct was verified using confirmatory factor analysis, and an item response theory model was fit. Optimal test assembly (OTA) methods identified a maximally informative shortened form for each possible scale length between 1 and 9 items. The final shortened form was selected based on pre‐specified validity and reliability criteria and non‐inferiority of screening accuracy of the EPDS as compared to the SCID. Results: A 5‐item short form of the EPDS (EPDS‐Dep‐5) was selected. The EPDS‐Dep‐5 had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.82. Sensitivity and specificity of the EPDS‐Dep‐5 for a cutoff of 4 or greater were 0.83 (95% CI, 0.73, 0.89) and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.80, 0.90) and were statistically non‐inferior to the EPDS. The correlation of total scores with the full EPDS was high (r = 0.91). Conclusion: The EPDS‐Dep‐5 is a valid short form with minimal loss of information when compared to the full‐length EPDS. The EPDS‐Dep‐5 was developed with OTA methods using objective, pre‐specified criteria, but the approach is data‐driven and exploratory. Thus, there is a need to replicate results of this study in different populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1111/acps.13272
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