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Experiences of Discrimination Are Associated With Worse Metabolic Syndrome Severity Among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study.

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Title: Experiences of Discrimination Are Associated With Worse Metabolic Syndrome Severity Among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study.
Authors: Cardel, Michelle I (AUTHOR), Chi, Xiaofei (AUTHOR), Min, Yuan-I (AUTHOR), Sims, Mario (AUTHOR), Musani, Solomon K (AUTHOR), Dulin, Akilah (AUTHOR), Gravlee, Clarence C (AUTHOR), Smith, Steven M (AUTHOR), DeBoer, Mark D (AUTHOR), Gurka, Matthew J (AUTHOR)
Source: Annals of Behavioral Medicine. Mar2021, Vol. 55 Issue 3, p266-279. 14p.
Subjects: Age discrimination, African Americans, Metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases risk factors
Abstract: Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Although the development of MetS is attributed to known lifestyle factors, perceived discrimination may also contribute to MetS development and severity.Purpose: We examined the associations of perceived discrimination with MetS severity among African American adults at baseline and 8-year follow-up.Methods: Three thousand eight hundred and seventy participants (mean age 53.8 ± 13.0; 63.1% female) without diabetes and no missing MetS severity scores at baseline were included. Each self-reported measure of discrimination at baseline (everyday, lifetime, and burden of lifetime) was classified into tertiles (low, medium, high). After adjustment for demographics and MetS risk factors, associations of discrimination were examined with a sex- and race/ethnicity-specific MetS severity Z-score. We employed a mixed model approach that allowed for the assessment of an overall association between reported discrimination at baseline and MetS severity, and for the possible change over time.Results: Sex and age differences were observed in experiences with discrimination, such that men reported higher levels of all aspects of discrimination relative to women. Everyday discrimination decreased with age, whereas lifetime discrimination increased with age (p < .05). Independent of lifestyle and demographic factors, everyday and lifetime discrimination were significantly associated with MetS severity (p = .003 and p = .017, respectively) and the associations remained constant over the 8 years (i.e., no interaction with time).Conclusions: Our results suggest that, in a large community-based sample of African Americans, discrimination is a salient psychosocial risk factor for severity of MetS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Annals of Behavioral Medicine is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Experiences of Discrimination Are Associated With Worse Metabolic Syndrome Severity Among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Cardel%2C+Michelle+I%22&quot;&gt;Cardel, Michelle I&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Chi%2C+Xiaofei%22&quot;&gt;Chi, Xiaofei&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Min%2C+Yuan-I%22&quot;&gt;Min, Yuan-I&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Sims%2C+Mario%22&quot;&gt;Sims, Mario&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Musani%2C+Solomon+K%22&quot;&gt;Musani, Solomon K&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Dulin%2C+Akilah%22&quot;&gt;Dulin, Akilah&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Gravlee%2C+Clarence+C%22&quot;&gt;Gravlee, Clarence C&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Smith%2C+Steven+M%22&quot;&gt;Smith, Steven M&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22DeBoer%2C+Mark+D%22&quot;&gt;DeBoer, Mark D&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Gurka%2C+Matthew+J%22&quot;&gt;Gurka, Matthew J&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Annals+of+Behavioral+Medicine%22&quot;&gt;Annals of Behavioral Medicine&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Mar2021, Vol. 55 Issue 3, p266-279. 14p.
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  Label: Subjects
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Age+discrimination%22&quot;&gt;Age discrimination&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22African+Americans%22&quot;&gt;African Americans&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Metabolic+syndrome%22&quot;&gt;Metabolic syndrome&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Type+2+diabetes%22&quot;&gt;Type 2 diabetes&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Cardiovascular+diseases+risk+factors%22&quot;&gt;Cardiovascular diseases risk factors&lt;/searchLink&gt;
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: &lt;bold&gt;Background: &lt;/bold&gt;Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Although the development of MetS is attributed to known lifestyle factors, perceived discrimination may also contribute to MetS development and severity.&lt;bold&gt;Purpose: &lt;/bold&gt;We examined the associations of perceived discrimination with MetS severity among African American adults at baseline and 8-year follow-up.&lt;bold&gt;Methods: &lt;/bold&gt;Three thousand eight hundred and seventy participants (mean age 53.8 &#177; 13.0; 63.1% female) without diabetes and no missing MetS severity scores at baseline were included. Each self-reported measure of discrimination at baseline (everyday, lifetime, and burden of lifetime) was classified into tertiles (low, medium, high). After adjustment for demographics and MetS risk factors, associations of discrimination were examined with a sex- and race/ethnicity-specific MetS severity Z-score. We employed a mixed model approach that allowed for the assessment of an overall association between reported discrimination at baseline and MetS severity, and for the possible change over time.&lt;bold&gt;Results: &lt;/bold&gt;Sex and age differences were observed in experiences with discrimination, such that men reported higher levels of all aspects of discrimination relative to women. Everyday discrimination decreased with age, whereas lifetime discrimination increased with age (p &lt; .05). Independent of lifestyle and demographic factors, everyday and lifetime discrimination were significantly associated with MetS severity (p = .003 and p = .017, respectively) and the associations remained constant over the 8 years (i.e., no interaction with time).&lt;bold&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/bold&gt;Our results suggest that, in a large community-based sample of African Americans, discrimination is a salient psychosocial risk factor for severity of MetS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Annals of Behavioral Medicine is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1093/abm/kaaa050
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 266
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Age discrimination
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: African Americans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Metabolic syndrome
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Type 2 diabetes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cardiovascular diseases risk factors
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Experiences of Discrimination Are Associated With Worse Metabolic Syndrome Severity Among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study.
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              Text: Mar2021
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              Y: 2021
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