Emotion regulation in patients with cardiovascular disease: development and validation of the stress and anxiety regulation strategies scale (STARTS).

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Title: Emotion regulation in patients with cardiovascular disease: development and validation of the stress and anxiety regulation strategies scale (STARTS).
Authors: Castillo-Mayén, Rosario (AUTHOR), Luque, Bárbara (AUTHOR), Gutiérrez-Domingo, Tamara (AUTHOR), Cuadrado, Esther (AUTHOR), Arenas, Alicia (AUTHOR), Rubio, Sebastián (AUTHOR), Quintana-Navarro, Gracia María (AUTHOR), Delgado-Lista, Javier (AUTHOR), Tabernero, Carmen (AUTHOR)
Source: Anxiety, Stress & Coping. May2021, Vol. 34 Issue 3, p349-364. 16p. 1 Diagram, 3 Charts.
Subjects: Emotion regulation, Cardiovascular development, Psychometrics, Exploratory factor analysis, Confirmatory factor analysis
Abstract: Background and Objectives: Anxiety and stress influence the onset and prognosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but little is known about what CVD patients do when experiencing stress/anxiety. This study aimed to identify the behavioral strategies CVD patients use to regulate these emotions. Design: Instrumental and longitudinal. Methods: A theoretically-guided scale, the Stress and Anxiety Regulation Strategies (STARTS), was developed considering the target population's characteristics. CVD patients were recruited at three different points (NT1 = 721, NT2 = 566, NT3 = 311). Results: At T1 exploratory factor analysis was conducted (random sample 1). The validity of the most parsimonious three-factor solution was subsequently found via confirmatory factor analysis at T1 (random sample 2), T2, and T3, revealing good and stable model fit. The factors represented strategies differentiated by the type and level of activity required (passive, intellectual, and physical strategies). The scale showed good test-retest reliability and internal consistency. Correlation and regression analyses with positive and negative affect, psychological wellbeing (stress, anxiety, depression), and cardiac self-efficacy provided evidence for the validity of STARTS score. Physical and passive strategies showed opposite patterns. Conclusions: The scale shows adequate psychometric properties for assessing the strategies used by CVD patients to regulate stress and anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Anxiety, Stress & Coping is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Emotion regulation in patients with cardiovascular disease: development and validation of the stress and anxiety regulation strategies scale (STARTS).
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Castillo-Mayén%2C+Rosario%22">Castillo-Mayén, Rosario</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Luque%2C+Bárbara%22">Luque, Bárbara</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gutiérrez-Domingo%2C+Tamara%22">Gutiérrez-Domingo, Tamara</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cuadrado%2C+Esther%22">Cuadrado, Esther</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Arenas%2C+Alicia%22">Arenas, Alicia</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rubio%2C+Sebastián%22">Rubio, Sebastián</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Quintana-Navarro%2C+Gracia+María%22">Quintana-Navarro, Gracia María</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Delgado-Lista%2C+Javier%22">Delgado-Lista, Javier</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tabernero%2C+Carmen%22">Tabernero, Carmen</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Anxiety%2C+Stress+%26+Coping%22">Anxiety, Stress & Coping</searchLink>. May2021, Vol. 34 Issue 3, p349-364. 16p. 1 Diagram, 3 Charts.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emotion+regulation%22">Emotion regulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cardiovascular+development%22">Cardiovascular development</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychometrics%22">Psychometrics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Exploratory+factor+analysis%22">Exploratory factor analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confirmatory+factor+analysis%22">Confirmatory factor analysis</searchLink>
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  Data: Background and Objectives: Anxiety and stress influence the onset and prognosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but little is known about what CVD patients do when experiencing stress/anxiety. This study aimed to identify the behavioral strategies CVD patients use to regulate these emotions. Design: Instrumental and longitudinal. Methods: A theoretically-guided scale, the Stress and Anxiety Regulation Strategies (STARTS), was developed considering the target population's characteristics. CVD patients were recruited at three different points (NT1 = 721, NT2 = 566, NT3 = 311). Results: At T1 exploratory factor analysis was conducted (random sample 1). The validity of the most parsimonious three-factor solution was subsequently found via confirmatory factor analysis at T1 (random sample 2), T2, and T3, revealing good and stable model fit. The factors represented strategies differentiated by the type and level of activity required (passive, intellectual, and physical strategies). The scale showed good test-retest reliability and internal consistency. Correlation and regression analyses with positive and negative affect, psychological wellbeing (stress, anxiety, depression), and cardiac self-efficacy provided evidence for the validity of STARTS score. Physical and passive strategies showed opposite patterns. Conclusions: The scale shows adequate psychometric properties for assessing the strategies used by CVD patients to regulate stress and anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Anxiety, Stress & Coping is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1080/10615806.2020.1866173
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Emotion regulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cardiovascular development
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      – SubjectFull: Psychometrics
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      – SubjectFull: Exploratory factor analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Confirmatory factor analysis
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              M: 05
              Text: May2021
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              Y: 2021
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