Gender and ethnic diversity in global ophthalmology and optometry association leadership: a time for change.
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| Title: | Gender and ethnic diversity in global ophthalmology and optometry association leadership: a time for change. |
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| Authors: | Yashadhana, Aryati (AUTHOR), Clarke, Neriah A (AUTHOR), Zhang, Justine H (AUTHOR), Ahmad, Jawad (AUTHOR), Mdala, Shaffi (AUTHOR), Morjaria, Priya (AUTHOR), Yoshizaki, Miho (AUTHOR), Kyari, Fatima (AUTHOR), Burton, Matthew J (AUTHOR), Ramke, Jacqueline (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics. May2021, Vol. 41 Issue 3, p623-629. 7p. 2 Charts. |
| Subjects: | Cultural pluralism, Gender, Optometry, Ophthalmology, Gender inequality |
| Abstract: | Purpose: To assess the diversity of leadership bodies of member organisations of the International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO) and the World Council of Optometry (WCO) in terms of: (1) the proportion who are women in all world regions, and (2) the proportion who are ethnic minority women and men in Eurocentric high‐income regions. Methods: We undertook a cross‐sectional study of board members and chairs of ICO and WCO member organisations using a desk‐based assessment of member organisation websites during February and March 2020. Gender and ethnicity of board members and chairs were collected using a combination of validated algorithmic software and manual assessment, based on names and photographs where available. Gender proportions were calculated across Global Burden of Disease super‐regions, and gender and ethnicity proportions in the high‐income regions of Australasia, North America and Western Europe. Results: Globally, approximately one in three board members were women for both ICO (34%) and WCO (35%) members, and one in three ICO (32%) and one in five WCO (22%) chairpersons were women. Women held at least 50% of posts in only three of the 26 (12%) leadership structures assessed; these were based in Latin America and the Caribbean (59% of WCO board positions held by women, and 56% of WCO chairs), and Southeast Asia, East Asia and Oceania (55% of ICO chairs). In the Eurocentric high‐income regions, white men held more than half of all board (56%) and chair (58%) positions and white women held a further quarter of positions (26% of board and 27% of chair positions). Ethnic minority women held the fewest number of board (6%) and chair (7%) positions. Conclusions: Improvements in gender parity are needed in member organisations of the WCO and ICO across all world regions. In high‐income regions, efforts to address inequity at the intersection of gender and ethnicity are also needed. Potential strategies to enable inclusive leadership must be centred on structurally enabled diversity and inclusion goals to support the professional progression of women, and people from ethnic minorities in global optometry and ophthalmology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection |
| FullText | Links: – Type: pdflink Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: pbh DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection An: 150186648 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Gender and ethnic diversity in global ophthalmology and optometry association leadership: a time for change. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yashadhana%2C+Aryati%22">Yashadhana, Aryati</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Clarke%2C+Neriah+A%22">Clarke, Neriah A</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Justine+H%22">Zhang, Justine H</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ahmad%2C+Jawad%22">Ahmad, Jawad</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mdala%2C+Shaffi%22">Mdala, Shaffi</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Morjaria%2C+Priya%22">Morjaria, Priya</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yoshizaki%2C+Miho%22">Yoshizaki, Miho</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kyari%2C+Fatima%22">Kyari, Fatima</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burton%2C+Matthew+J%22">Burton, Matthew J</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ramke%2C+Jacqueline%22">Ramke, Jacqueline</searchLink> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Ophthalmic+%26+Physiological+Optics%22">Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics</searchLink>. May2021, Vol. 41 Issue 3, p623-629. 7p. 2 Charts. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cultural+pluralism%22">Cultural pluralism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gender%22">Gender</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optometry%22">Optometry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ophthalmology%22">Ophthalmology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gender+inequality%22">Gender inequality</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Purpose: To assess the diversity of leadership bodies of member organisations of the International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO) and the World Council of Optometry (WCO) in terms of: (1) the proportion who are women in all world regions, and (2) the proportion who are ethnic minority women and men in Eurocentric high‐income regions. Methods: We undertook a cross‐sectional study of board members and chairs of ICO and WCO member organisations using a desk‐based assessment of member organisation websites during February and March 2020. Gender and ethnicity of board members and chairs were collected using a combination of validated algorithmic software and manual assessment, based on names and photographs where available. Gender proportions were calculated across Global Burden of Disease super‐regions, and gender and ethnicity proportions in the high‐income regions of Australasia, North America and Western Europe. Results: Globally, approximately one in three board members were women for both ICO (34%) and WCO (35%) members, and one in three ICO (32%) and one in five WCO (22%) chairpersons were women. Women held at least 50% of posts in only three of the 26 (12%) leadership structures assessed; these were based in Latin America and the Caribbean (59% of WCO board positions held by women, and 56% of WCO chairs), and Southeast Asia, East Asia and Oceania (55% of ICO chairs). In the Eurocentric high‐income regions, white men held more than half of all board (56%) and chair (58%) positions and white women held a further quarter of positions (26% of board and 27% of chair positions). Ethnic minority women held the fewest number of board (6%) and chair (7%) positions. Conclusions: Improvements in gender parity are needed in member organisations of the WCO and ICO across all world regions. In high‐income regions, efforts to address inequity at the intersection of gender and ethnicity are also needed. Potential strategies to enable inclusive leadership must be centred on structurally enabled diversity and inclusion goals to support the professional progression of women, and people from ethnic minorities in global optometry and ophthalmology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1111/opo.12793 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 7 StartPage: 623 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Cultural pluralism Type: general – SubjectFull: Gender Type: general – SubjectFull: Optometry Type: general – SubjectFull: Ophthalmology Type: general – SubjectFull: Gender inequality Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Gender and ethnic diversity in global ophthalmology and optometry association leadership: a time for change. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Yashadhana, Aryati – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Clarke, Neriah A – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Zhang, Justine H – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ahmad, Jawad – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Mdala, Shaffi – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Morjaria, Priya – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Yoshizaki, Miho – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Kyari, Fatima – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Burton, Matthew J – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ramke, Jacqueline IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 05 Text: May2021 Type: published Y: 2021 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 02755408 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 41 – Type: issue Value: 3 Titles: – TitleFull: Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics Type: main |
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