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Acute alcohol does not impair attentional inhibition as measured with Stroop interference scores but impairs Stroop performance.

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Title: Acute alcohol does not impair attentional inhibition as measured with Stroop interference scores but impairs Stroop performance.
Authors: Riedel, P. (AUTHOR), Wolff, M. (AUTHOR), Spreer, M. (AUTHOR), Petzold, J. (AUTHOR), Plawecki, M. H. (AUTHOR), Goschke, T. (AUTHOR), Zimmermann, U. S. (AUTHOR), Smolka, M. N. (AUTHOR)
Source: Psychopharmacology. Jun2021, Vol. 238 Issue 6, p1593-1607. 15p. 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 2 Graphs.
Subjects: Alcohol, Response inhibition, Blood alcohol, Drinking behavior, Executive function, At-risk behavior
Abstract: Rationale: Inhibition is a core executive function and refers to the ability to deliberately suppress attention, behavior, thoughts, and/or emotions and instead act in a specific manner. While acute alcohol exposure has been shown to impair response inhibition in the stop-signal and Go/NoGo tasks, reported alcohol effects on attentional inhibition in the Stroop task are inconsistent. Notably, studies have operationalized attentional inhibition variably and there has been intra- and inter-individual variability in alcohol exposure. Objective: This study aimed to examine the acute effects of alcohol on attentional inhibition, considering previous limitations. Methods: In a single-blind, cross-over design, 40 non-dependent participants with a medium-to-high risk drinking behavior performed a Counting Stroop task (CST) under a baseline and an arterial blood alcohol concentration (aBAC) clamp at 80 mg%. Attentional inhibition was assessed as the alteration of reaction times (RT), error rates (ER), and inverse efficiency scores (IES) between incongruent and congruent trials (interference score). Stroop performance was also assessed regardless of trial-type. Results: Compared to saline, acute alcohol exposure via an aBAC clamp did not affect CST interference scores but increased RTs and IES in both incongruent and congruent trials. Conclusions: Attentional inhibition (Stroop interference score) was not impaired by clamped moderate alcohol exposure. Acute alcohol impaired Stroop performance evidenced by a general increase in response times. Our findings suggest that response and attentional inhibition do not share the same neurocognitive mechanisms and are affected differently by alcohol. Results could also be explained by automated behaviors known to be relatively unaffected by acute alcohol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychopharmacology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Acute alcohol does not impair attentional inhibition as measured with Stroop interference scores but impairs Stroop performance.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Riedel%2C+P%2E%22">Riedel, P.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wolff%2C+M%2E%22">Wolff, M.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Spreer%2C+M%2E%22">Spreer, M.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Petzold%2C+J%2E%22">Petzold, J.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Plawecki%2C+M%2E+H%2E%22">Plawecki, M. H.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Goschke%2C+T%2E%22">Goschke, T.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zimmermann%2C+U%2E+S%2E%22">Zimmermann, U. S.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Smolka%2C+M%2E+N%2E%22">Smolka, M. N.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychopharmacology%22">Psychopharmacology</searchLink>. Jun2021, Vol. 238 Issue 6, p1593-1607. 15p. 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 2 Graphs.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alcohol%22">Alcohol</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Response+inhibition%22">Response inhibition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Blood+alcohol%22">Blood alcohol</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drinking+behavior%22">Drinking behavior</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Executive+function%22">Executive function</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22At-risk+behavior%22">At-risk behavior</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Rationale: Inhibition is a core executive function and refers to the ability to deliberately suppress attention, behavior, thoughts, and/or emotions and instead act in a specific manner. While acute alcohol exposure has been shown to impair response inhibition in the stop-signal and Go/NoGo tasks, reported alcohol effects on attentional inhibition in the Stroop task are inconsistent. Notably, studies have operationalized attentional inhibition variably and there has been intra- and inter-individual variability in alcohol exposure. Objective: This study aimed to examine the acute effects of alcohol on attentional inhibition, considering previous limitations. Methods: In a single-blind, cross-over design, 40 non-dependent participants with a medium-to-high risk drinking behavior performed a Counting Stroop task (CST) under a baseline and an arterial blood alcohol concentration (aBAC) clamp at 80 mg%. Attentional inhibition was assessed as the alteration of reaction times (RT), error rates (ER), and inverse efficiency scores (IES) between incongruent and congruent trials (interference score). Stroop performance was also assessed regardless of trial-type. Results: Compared to saline, acute alcohol exposure via an aBAC clamp did not affect CST interference scores but increased RTs and IES in both incongruent and congruent trials. Conclusions: Attentional inhibition (Stroop interference score) was not impaired by clamped moderate alcohol exposure. Acute alcohol impaired Stroop performance evidenced by a general increase in response times. Our findings suggest that response and attentional inhibition do not share the same neurocognitive mechanisms and are affected differently by alcohol. Results could also be explained by automated behaviors known to be relatively unaffected by acute alcohol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychopharmacology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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