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Home assessment of visual working memory in pre‐schoolers reveals associations between behaviour, brain activation and parent reports of life stress.

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Title: Home assessment of visual working memory in pre‐schoolers reveals associations between behaviour, brain activation and parent reports of life stress.
Authors: McKay, Courtney A. (AUTHOR), Shing, Yee Lee (AUTHOR), Rafetseder, Eva (AUTHOR), Wijeakumar, Sobanawartiny (AUTHOR)
Source: Developmental Science. Jul2021, Vol. 24 Issue 4, p1-14. 14p.
Subjects: Visual memory, Preschool children, Student aspirations, Life change events, Fluid intelligence
Abstract: Visual working memory (VWM) is reliably predictive of fluid intelligence and academic achievements. The objective of the current study was to investigate individual differences in pre‐schoolers' VWM processing by examining the association between behaviour, brain function and parent‐reported measures related to the child's environment. We used a portable functional near‐infrared spectroscopy system to record from the frontal and parietal cortices of 4.5‐year‐old children (N = 74) as they completed a colour change‐detection VWM task in their homes. Parents were asked to fill in questionnaires on temperament, academic aspirations, home environment and life stress. Children were median‐split into a low‐performing (LP) and a high‐performing (HP) group based on the number of items they could successfully remember during the task. LPs increasingly activated channels in the left frontal and bilateral parietal cortices with increasing load, whereas HPs showed no difference in activation. Our findings suggest that LPs recruited more neural resources than HPs when their VWM capacity was challenged. We employed mediation analyses to examine the association between the difference in activation between the highest and lowest loads and variables from the questionnaires. The difference in activation between loads in the left parietal cortex partially mediated the association between parent‐reported stressful life events and VWM performance. Critically, our findings show that the association between VWM capacity, left parietal activation and indicators of life stress is important to understand the nature of individual differences in VWM in pre‐school children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Developmental Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Home assessment of visual working memory in pre‐schoolers reveals associations between behaviour, brain activation and parent reports of life stress.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22McKay%2C+Courtney+A%2E%22">McKay, Courtney A.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shing%2C+Yee+Lee%22">Shing, Yee Lee</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rafetseder%2C+Eva%22">Rafetseder, Eva</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wijeakumar%2C+Sobanawartiny%22">Wijeakumar, Sobanawartiny</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Developmental+Science%22">Developmental Science</searchLink>. Jul2021, Vol. 24 Issue 4, p1-14. 14p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Visual+memory%22">Visual memory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Preschool+children%22">Preschool children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+aspirations%22">Student aspirations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Life+change+events%22">Life change events</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fluid+intelligence%22">Fluid intelligence</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Visual working memory (VWM) is reliably predictive of fluid intelligence and academic achievements. The objective of the current study was to investigate individual differences in pre‐schoolers' VWM processing by examining the association between behaviour, brain function and parent‐reported measures related to the child's environment. We used a portable functional near‐infrared spectroscopy system to record from the frontal and parietal cortices of 4.5‐year‐old children (N = 74) as they completed a colour change‐detection VWM task in their homes. Parents were asked to fill in questionnaires on temperament, academic aspirations, home environment and life stress. Children were median‐split into a low‐performing (LP) and a high‐performing (HP) group based on the number of items they could successfully remember during the task. LPs increasingly activated channels in the left frontal and bilateral parietal cortices with increasing load, whereas HPs showed no difference in activation. Our findings suggest that LPs recruited more neural resources than HPs when their VWM capacity was challenged. We employed mediation analyses to examine the association between the difference in activation between the highest and lowest loads and variables from the questionnaires. The difference in activation between loads in the left parietal cortex partially mediated the association between parent‐reported stressful life events and VWM performance. Critically, our findings show that the association between VWM capacity, left parietal activation and indicators of life stress is important to understand the nature of individual differences in VWM in pre‐school children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Developmental Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/desc.13094
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Visual memory
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Preschool children
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      – SubjectFull: Student aspirations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Life change events
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      – SubjectFull: Fluid intelligence
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      – TitleFull: Home assessment of visual working memory in pre‐schoolers reveals associations between behaviour, brain activation and parent reports of life stress.
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            NameFull: Shing, Yee Lee
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            NameFull: Rafetseder, Eva
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              M: 07
              Text: Jul2021
              Type: published
              Y: 2021
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