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Pitch height and brightness both contribute to elicit the SMARC effect: a replication study with expert musicians.

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Title: Pitch height and brightness both contribute to elicit the SMARC effect: a replication study with expert musicians.
Authors: Pitteri, Marco (AUTHOR), Marchetti, Mauro (AUTHOR), Grassi, Massimo (AUTHOR), Priftis, Konstantinos (AUTHOR)
Source: Psychological Research. Sep2021, Vol. 85 Issue 6, p2213-2222. 10p. 5 Charts, 3 Graphs.
Subjects: Expertise, Musicians, Hypothesis, Evidence
Abstract: Pitch-height can be represented in a spatial format. Reaction times (RTs) to lower pitch-heights are faster when responses are executed in the lower side of space, whereas RTs to higher pitch-heights are faster when responses are executed in the upper side of space. This effect is called the Spatial-Music Association of Response Codes (SMARC) effect. We investigated how pitch-height and the brightness of a tone's timbre might contribute in eliciting the SMARC effect as a function of music expertise by comparing the results of 24 musicians with the results we gathered previously (Pitteri et al., 2017) with 24 non-musicians. Three experimental conditions were used: pitch-height varied, brightness varied; pitch-height varied, brightness fixed; pitch-height fixed, brightness varied. We found that the coherent modulation of both pitch-height and brightness elicited the strongest SMARC effect, independently of music expertise. These results add evidence to the hypothesis that the strongest SMARC effect does not belong to pitch-height or brightness, but to pitch-height and brightness together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychological Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Pitch height and brightness both contribute to elicit the SMARC effect: a replication study with expert musicians.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pitteri%2C+Marco%22">Pitteri, Marco</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Marchetti%2C+Mauro%22">Marchetti, Mauro</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Grassi%2C+Massimo%22">Grassi, Massimo</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Priftis%2C+Konstantinos%22">Priftis, Konstantinos</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychological+Research%22">Psychological Research</searchLink>. Sep2021, Vol. 85 Issue 6, p2213-2222. 10p. 5 Charts, 3 Graphs.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Expertise%22">Expertise</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Musicians%22">Musicians</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hypothesis%22">Hypothesis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Evidence%22">Evidence</searchLink>
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  Data: Pitch-height can be represented in a spatial format. Reaction times (RTs) to lower pitch-heights are faster when responses are executed in the lower side of space, whereas RTs to higher pitch-heights are faster when responses are executed in the upper side of space. This effect is called the Spatial-Music Association of Response Codes (SMARC) effect. We investigated how pitch-height and the brightness of a tone's timbre might contribute in eliciting the SMARC effect as a function of music expertise by comparing the results of 24 musicians with the results we gathered previously (Pitteri et al., 2017) with 24 non-musicians. Three experimental conditions were used: pitch-height varied, brightness varied; pitch-height varied, brightness fixed; pitch-height fixed, brightness varied. We found that the coherent modulation of both pitch-height and brightness elicited the strongest SMARC effect, independently of music expertise. These results add evidence to the hypothesis that the strongest SMARC effect does not belong to pitch-height or brightness, but to pitch-height and brightness together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychological Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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