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The death-implicit association test and suicide attempts: a systematic review and meta-analysis of discriminative and prospective utility.

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Title: The death-implicit association test and suicide attempts: a systematic review and meta-analysis of discriminative and prospective utility.
Authors: Sohn, Maya N., McMorris, Carly A., Bray, Signe, McGirr, Alexander
Source: Psychological Medicine. Aug2021, Vol. 51 Issue 11, p1789-1798. 10p.
Subjects: Suicide risk factors, Psychology information storage & retrieval systems, Meta-analysis, Medical databases, Information storage & retrieval systems, Medical information storage & retrieval systems, Confidence intervals, Systematic reviews, Attitude (Psychology), Self-perception, Risk assessment, Life, Descriptive statistics, Critical care medicine, MEDLINE, Odds ratio, Attitudes toward death
Abstract: Suicide risk assessment involves integrating patient disclosure of suicidal ideation and non-specific risk factors such as family history, past suicidal behaviour, and psychiatric symptoms. A death version of the implicit association test (D-IAT) has been developed to provide an objective measure of the degree to which the self is affiliated with life or death. However, this has inconsistently been associated with past and future suicidal behaviour. Here, we systematically review and quantitatively synthesize the literature examining the D-IAT and suicide attempts. We searched psychINFO, Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from inception until 9 February 2021 to identify publications reporting D-IAT scores and suicide attempts (PROSPERO; CRD42020194394). Using random-effects models, we calculated standardized mean differences (SMD) and odds ratios (ORs) for retrospective suicide attempts. We then calculated ORs for future suicide attempts. ORs were dichotomized using a cutoff of zero representing equipoise between self-association with life and death. Eighteen studies met our inclusion criteria (n = 9551). The pooled SMD revealed higher D-IAT scores in individuals with a history of suicide attempt (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.35); however, subgroup analyses demonstrated heterogeneity with acute care settings having lower effect sizes than community settings. Dichotomized D-IAT scores discriminated those with a history of suicide attempt from those without (OR 1.38 95% CI 1.01 to 1.89) and predicted suicide attempt over a six-month follow-up period (OR 2.99 95% CI 1.45 to 6.18; six studies, n = 781). The D-IAT may have a supplementary role in suicide risk assessment; however, determination of acute suicide risk and related clinical decisions should not be based solely on D-IAT performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: The death-implicit association test and suicide attempts: a systematic review and meta-analysis of discriminative and prospective utility.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sohn%2C+Maya+N%2E%22">Sohn, Maya N.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22McMorris%2C+Carly+A%2E%22">McMorris, Carly A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bray%2C+Signe%22">Bray, Signe</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22McGirr%2C+Alexander%22">McGirr, Alexander</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychological+Medicine%22">Psychological Medicine</searchLink>. Aug2021, Vol. 51 Issue 11, p1789-1798. 10p.
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  Data: Suicide risk assessment involves integrating patient disclosure of suicidal ideation and non-specific risk factors such as family history, past suicidal behaviour, and psychiatric symptoms. A death version of the implicit association test (D-IAT) has been developed to provide an objective measure of the degree to which the self is affiliated with life or death. However, this has inconsistently been associated with past and future suicidal behaviour. Here, we systematically review and quantitatively synthesize the literature examining the D-IAT and suicide attempts. We searched psychINFO, Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from inception until 9 February 2021 to identify publications reporting D-IAT scores and suicide attempts (PROSPERO; CRD42020194394). Using random-effects models, we calculated standardized mean differences (SMD) and odds ratios (ORs) for retrospective suicide attempts. We then calculated ORs for future suicide attempts. ORs were dichotomized using a cutoff of zero representing equipoise between self-association with life and death. Eighteen studies met our inclusion criteria (n = 9551). The pooled SMD revealed higher D-IAT scores in individuals with a history of suicide attempt (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.35); however, subgroup analyses demonstrated heterogeneity with acute care settings having lower effect sizes than community settings. Dichotomized D-IAT scores discriminated those with a history of suicide attempt from those without (OR 1.38 95% CI 1.01 to 1.89) and predicted suicide attempt over a six-month follow-up period (OR 2.99 95% CI 1.45 to 6.18; six studies, n = 781). The D-IAT may have a supplementary role in suicide risk assessment; however, determination of acute suicide risk and related clinical decisions should not be based solely on D-IAT performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=152012914
RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1017/S0033291721002117
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 1789
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Suicide risk factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychology information storage & retrieval systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Meta-analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Medical databases
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Information storage & retrieval systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Medical information storage & retrieval systems
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      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
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      – SubjectFull: Systematic reviews
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Attitude (Psychology)
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      – SubjectFull: Self-perception
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      – SubjectFull: Risk assessment
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      – SubjectFull: Life
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      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Critical care medicine
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      – SubjectFull: MEDLINE
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      – SubjectFull: Odds ratio
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Attitudes toward death
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: The death-implicit association test and suicide attempts: a systematic review and meta-analysis of discriminative and prospective utility.
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            NameFull: Sohn, Maya N.
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              Text: Aug2021
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              Y: 2021
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