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Age of walking and intellectual ability in autism spectrum disorder and other neurodevelopmental disorders: a population‐based study.

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Title: Age of walking and intellectual ability in autism spectrum disorder and other neurodevelopmental disorders: a population‐based study.
Authors: Havdahl, Alexandra, Farmer, Cristan, Schjølberg, Synnve, Øyen, Anne‐Siri, Surén, Pål, Reichborn‐Kjennerud, Ted, Magnus, Per, Bresnahan, Michaeline, Hornig, Mady, Susser, Ezra, Lipkin, W. Ian, Lord, Catherine, Stoltenberg, Camilla, Thurm, Audrey, Bishop, Somer
Source: Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry. Sep2021, Vol. 62 Issue 9, p1070-1078. 9p. 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 1 Graph.
Subjects: Mothers, Infant development, Confidence intervals, Fathers, Regression analysis, Walking, Child psychopathology, Autism, Chi-squared test, People with intellectual disabilities
Abstract: Background: Delayed walking is common in intellectual disability (ID) but may be less common when ID occurs with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous studies examining this were limited by reliance on clinical samples and exclusion of children with severe motor deficits. Objective: To examine in a population‐based sample if age of walking is differentially related to intellectual ability in children with ASD versus other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). Methods: Participants were from the nested Autism Birth Cohort Study of the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Cox proportional hazards regression assessed if diagnosis (ASD n = 212 vs. NDD n = 354), continuous nonverbal IQ, and their interaction, were associated with continuous age of walking. Results: The relationship between nonverbal IQ and age of walking was stronger for NDD than for ASD (Group × nonverbal IQ interaction, χ2 = 13.93, p =.0002). This interaction was characterized by a 21% decrease in the likelihood of walking onset at any given time during the observation period per 10‐point decrease in nonverbal IQ (hazard ratio = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.78–0.85) in the NDD group compared to 8% (hazard ratio = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.98) in the ASD group. Conclusions: The finding that age of walking is less strongly related to low intellectual ability in children with ASD than in children without other NDDs supports the hypothesis that ID in ASD may result from heterogeneous developmental pathways. Late walking may be a useful stratification variable in etiological research focused on ASD and other NDDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Age of walking and intellectual ability in autism spectrum disorder and other neurodevelopmental disorders: a population‐based study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Havdahl%2C+Alexandra%22">Havdahl, Alexandra</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Farmer%2C+Cristan%22">Farmer, Cristan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schjølberg%2C+Synnve%22">Schjølberg, Synnve</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Øyen%2C+Anne‐Siri%22">Øyen, Anne‐Siri</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Surén%2C+Pål%22">Surén, Pål</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Reichborn‐Kjennerud%2C+Ted%22">Reichborn‐Kjennerud, Ted</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Magnus%2C+Per%22">Magnus, Per</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bresnahan%2C+Michaeline%22">Bresnahan, Michaeline</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hornig%2C+Mady%22">Hornig, Mady</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Susser%2C+Ezra%22">Susser, Ezra</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lipkin%2C+W%2E+Ian%22">Lipkin, W. Ian</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lord%2C+Catherine%22">Lord, Catherine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stoltenberg%2C+Camilla%22">Stoltenberg, Camilla</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Thurm%2C+Audrey%22">Thurm, Audrey</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bishop%2C+Somer%22">Bishop, Somer</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Child+Psychology+%26+Psychiatry%22">Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry</searchLink>. Sep2021, Vol. 62 Issue 9, p1070-1078. 9p. 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 1 Graph.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mothers%22">Mothers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Infant+development%22">Infant development</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence+intervals%22">Confidence intervals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fathers%22">Fathers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Regression+analysis%22">Regression analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Walking%22">Walking</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+psychopathology%22">Child psychopathology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Autism%22">Autism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chi-squared+test%22">Chi-squared test</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22People+with+intellectual+disabilities%22">People with intellectual disabilities</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Background: Delayed walking is common in intellectual disability (ID) but may be less common when ID occurs with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous studies examining this were limited by reliance on clinical samples and exclusion of children with severe motor deficits. Objective: To examine in a population‐based sample if age of walking is differentially related to intellectual ability in children with ASD versus other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). Methods: Participants were from the nested Autism Birth Cohort Study of the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Cox proportional hazards regression assessed if diagnosis (ASD n = 212 vs. NDD n = 354), continuous nonverbal IQ, and their interaction, were associated with continuous age of walking. Results: The relationship between nonverbal IQ and age of walking was stronger for NDD than for ASD (Group × nonverbal IQ interaction, χ2 = 13.93, p =.0002). This interaction was characterized by a 21% decrease in the likelihood of walking onset at any given time during the observation period per 10‐point decrease in nonverbal IQ (hazard ratio = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.78–0.85) in the NDD group compared to 8% (hazard ratio = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.98) in the ASD group. Conclusions: The finding that age of walking is less strongly related to low intellectual ability in children with ASD than in children without other NDDs supports the hypothesis that ID in ASD may result from heterogeneous developmental pathways. Late walking may be a useful stratification variable in etiological research focused on ASD and other NDDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/jcpp.13369
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 9
        StartPage: 1070
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Mothers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Infant development
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fathers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Regression analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Walking
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Child psychopathology
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      – SubjectFull: Autism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chi-squared test
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      – SubjectFull: People with intellectual disabilities
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Age of walking and intellectual ability in autism spectrum disorder and other neurodevelopmental disorders: a population‐based study.
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              Text: Sep2021
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