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Analysis of structural brain asymmetries in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 39 datasets.

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Title: Analysis of structural brain asymmetries in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 39 datasets.
Authors: Postema, Merel C., Hoogman, Martine, Ambrosino, Sara, Asherson, Philip, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bandeira, Cibele E., Baranov, Alexandr, Bau, Claiton H.D., Baumeister, Sarah, Baur‐Streubel, Ramona, Bellgrove, Mark A., Biederman, Joseph, Bralten, Janita, Brandeis, Daniel, Brem, Silvia, Buitelaar, Jan K., Busatto, Geraldo F., Castellanos, Francisco X., Cercignani, Mara, Chaim‐Avancini, Tiffany M.
Source: Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry. Oct2021, Vol. 62 Issue 10, p1202-1219. 18p. 1 Color Photograph, 3 Charts.
Subjects: Brain anatomy, Cerebral dominance, Basal ganglia, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Comparative studies, Descriptive statistics
Abstract: Objective: Some studies have suggested alterations of structural brain asymmetry in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but findings have been contradictory and based on small samples. Here, we performed the largest ever analysis of brain left‐right asymmetry in ADHD, using 39 datasets of the ENIGMA consortium. Methods: We analyzed asymmetry of subcortical and cerebral cortical structures in up to 1,933 people with ADHD and 1,829 unaffected controls. Asymmetry Indexes (AIs) were calculated per participant for each bilaterally paired measure, and linear mixed effects modeling was applied separately in children, adolescents, adults, and the total sample, to test exhaustively for potential associations of ADHD with structural brain asymmetries. Results: There was no evidence for altered caudate nucleus asymmetry in ADHD, in contrast to prior literature. In children, there was less rightward asymmetry of the total hemispheric surface area compared to controls (t = 2.1, p =.04). Lower rightward asymmetry of medial orbitofrontal cortex surface area in ADHD (t = 2.7, p =.01) was similar to a recent finding for autism spectrum disorder. There were also some differences in cortical thickness asymmetry across age groups. In adults with ADHD, globus pallidus asymmetry was altered compared to those without ADHD. However, all effects were small (Cohen's d from −0.18 to 0.18) and would not survive study‐wide correction for multiple testing. Conclusion: Prior studies of altered structural brain asymmetry in ADHD were likely underpowered to detect the small effects reported here. Altered structural asymmetry is unlikely to provide a useful biomarker for ADHD, but may provide neurobiological insights into the trait. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Analysis of structural brain asymmetries in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 39 datasets.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Child+Psychology+%26+Psychiatry%22">Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry</searchLink>. Oct2021, Vol. 62 Issue 10, p1202-1219. 18p. 1 Color Photograph, 3 Charts.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Brain+anatomy%22">Brain anatomy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cerebral+dominance%22">Cerebral dominance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Basal+ganglia%22">Basal ganglia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attention-deficit+hyperactivity+disorder%22">Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+studies%22">Comparative studies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink>
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  Data: Objective: Some studies have suggested alterations of structural brain asymmetry in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but findings have been contradictory and based on small samples. Here, we performed the largest ever analysis of brain left‐right asymmetry in ADHD, using 39 datasets of the ENIGMA consortium. Methods: We analyzed asymmetry of subcortical and cerebral cortical structures in up to 1,933 people with ADHD and 1,829 unaffected controls. Asymmetry Indexes (AIs) were calculated per participant for each bilaterally paired measure, and linear mixed effects modeling was applied separately in children, adolescents, adults, and the total sample, to test exhaustively for potential associations of ADHD with structural brain asymmetries. Results: There was no evidence for altered caudate nucleus asymmetry in ADHD, in contrast to prior literature. In children, there was less rightward asymmetry of the total hemispheric surface area compared to controls (t = 2.1, p =.04). Lower rightward asymmetry of medial orbitofrontal cortex surface area in ADHD (t = 2.7, p =.01) was similar to a recent finding for autism spectrum disorder. There were also some differences in cortical thickness asymmetry across age groups. In adults with ADHD, globus pallidus asymmetry was altered compared to those without ADHD. However, all effects were small (Cohen's d from −0.18 to 0.18) and would not survive study‐wide correction for multiple testing. Conclusion: Prior studies of altered structural brain asymmetry in ADHD were likely underpowered to detect the small effects reported here. Altered structural asymmetry is unlikely to provide a useful biomarker for ADHD, but may provide neurobiological insights into the trait. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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