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Caregiving as suicide-prevention: an ecological 20-country study of the association between men's family carework, unemployment, and suicide.

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Title: Caregiving as suicide-prevention: an ecological 20-country study of the association between men's family carework, unemployment, and suicide.
Authors: Chen, Ying-Yeh (AUTHOR), Cai, ZiYi (AUTHOR), Chang, Qingsong (AUTHOR), Canetto, Silvia Sara (AUTHOR), Yip, Paul S. F. (AUTHOR)
Source: Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology. Dec2021, Vol. 56 Issue 12, p2185-2198. 14p.
Subjects: Unemployment statistics, Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development, United Nations, Suicide statistics, Suicide, Unemployment, Global burden of disease, Unemployment insurance
Abstract: Purpose: Suicide rates are generally higher in men than in women. Men's higher suicide mortality is often attributed to public-life adversities, such as unemployment. Building on the theory that men's suicide vulnerability is also related to their private-life behaviors, particularly men's low engagement in family carework, this ecological study explored the association between men's family carework, unemployment, and suicide. Methods: Family-carework data for twenty Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries were obtained from the OECD Family Database. Sex-specific age-standardized suicide rates came from the Global Burden of Disease dataset. The association between men's engagement in family carework and suicide rates by sex was estimated, with OECD's unemployment-benefits index and United-Nations' Human Development-Index (HDI) evaluated as controls. The moderation of men's carework on the unemployment-suicide relationship was also assessed. Results: Overall and sex-specific suicide rates were lower in countries where men reported more family carework. In these countries, higher unemployment rates were not associated with higher male suicide rates. In countries where men reported less family carework, higher unemployment was associated with higher male suicide rates, independent of country's HDI. Unemployment benefits were not associated with suicide rates. Men's family carework moderated the association between unemployment and suicide rates. Conclusion: This study's findings that higher levels of men's family carework were associated with lower suicide mortality, especially among men and under high-unemployment conditions, point to the suicide-protective potential of men's family carework. They are consistent with evidence that where gender equality is greater, men's and women's well-being, health, and longevity are greater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Social+Psychiatry+%26+Psychiatric+Epidemiology%22">Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology</searchLink>. Dec2021, Vol. 56 Issue 12, p2185-2198. 14p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Unemployment+statistics%22">Unemployment statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Organisation+for+Economic+Co-operation+%26+Development%22">Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+Nations%22">United Nations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Suicide+statistics%22">Suicide statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Suicide%22">Suicide</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Unemployment%22">Unemployment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Global+burden+of+disease%22">Global burden of disease</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Unemployment+insurance%22">Unemployment insurance</searchLink>
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  Data: Purpose: Suicide rates are generally higher in men than in women. Men's higher suicide mortality is often attributed to public-life adversities, such as unemployment. Building on the theory that men's suicide vulnerability is also related to their private-life behaviors, particularly men's low engagement in family carework, this ecological study explored the association between men's family carework, unemployment, and suicide. Methods: Family-carework data for twenty Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries were obtained from the OECD Family Database. Sex-specific age-standardized suicide rates came from the Global Burden of Disease dataset. The association between men's engagement in family carework and suicide rates by sex was estimated, with OECD's unemployment-benefits index and United-Nations' Human Development-Index (HDI) evaluated as controls. The moderation of men's carework on the unemployment-suicide relationship was also assessed. Results: Overall and sex-specific suicide rates were lower in countries where men reported more family carework. In these countries, higher unemployment rates were not associated with higher male suicide rates. In countries where men reported less family carework, higher unemployment was associated with higher male suicide rates, independent of country's HDI. Unemployment benefits were not associated with suicide rates. Men's family carework moderated the association between unemployment and suicide rates. Conclusion: This study's findings that higher levels of men's family carework were associated with lower suicide mortality, especially among men and under high-unemployment conditions, point to the suicide-protective potential of men's family carework. They are consistent with evidence that where gender equality is greater, men's and women's well-being, health, and longevity are greater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – TitleFull: Caregiving as suicide-prevention: an ecological 20-country study of the association between men's family carework, unemployment, and suicide.
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