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Nonverbal cognitive assessment of children in Tanzania with and without HIV.

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Title: Nonverbal cognitive assessment of children in Tanzania with and without HIV.
Authors: Lichtenstein, Jonathan (AUTHOR), Bowers, Caitlin (AUTHOR), Amato, Jennifer (AUTHOR), Niemczak, Christopher (AUTHOR), Fellows, Abigail (AUTHOR), Magohe, Albert (AUTHOR), Haile, Hannah (AUTHOR), White-Schwoch, Travis (AUTHOR), Kraus, Nina (AUTHOR), Massawe, Enica (AUTHOR), Moshi, Ndeserua (AUTHOR), Buckey, Jay (AUTHOR)
Source: Child Neuropsychology. Jan 2022, Vol. 28 Issue 1, p107-119. 13p. 6 Charts, 1 Graph.
Subjects: Socioeconomic status, HIV, HIV-positive children, Analysis of covariance, School attendance, Cognitive ability
Geographic Terms: Tanzania, Dar es Salaam (Tanzania)
Abstract: Children living with HIV can experience cognitive difficulties. Most neuropsychological tests have been constructed in Western languages, meaning they may not be appropriate for use in non-Western settings. To address this, we used an entirely nonverbal measure of cognitive ability in a sub-Saharan African sample. For this cross-sectional analysis, 316 children (162 HIV+ and 154 HIV-, ages 3–9) completed the Leiter-3 as part of a larger study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Statistical tests included analysis of covariance and multiple linear regression to account for environmental variables. HIV+ children performed worse than HIV – controls on two composite scores: Nonverbal IQ (p <.001) and Processing Speed (p < 0.001). Similar trends were observed on core subtests. Multiple linear regression models revealed that age, socioeconomic status, and school attendance predicted all Leiter-3 test composites. Critically, the addition of HIV status to the models improved prediction of Nonverbal IQ (∆R2 = 0.03, p =.001) and Processing Speed (∆R2 = 0.06, p <.001). Children living with HIV performed worse than HIV- controls on most Leiter-3 measures. While age, SES, and school attendance predicted Leiter-3 performance, HIV status improved prediction capabilities when added to the model. The Leiter-3 may offer a viable measure of cognitive ability in non-Western settings that can be used in its original form without translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Child Neuropsychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Nonverbal cognitive assessment of children in Tanzania with and without HIV.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Lichtenstein%2C+Jonathan%22&quot;&gt;Lichtenstein, Jonathan&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Bowers%2C+Caitlin%22&quot;&gt;Bowers, Caitlin&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Amato%2C+Jennifer%22&quot;&gt;Amato, Jennifer&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Niemczak%2C+Christopher%22&quot;&gt;Niemczak, Christopher&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Fellows%2C+Abigail%22&quot;&gt;Fellows, Abigail&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Magohe%2C+Albert%22&quot;&gt;Magohe, Albert&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Haile%2C+Hannah%22&quot;&gt;Haile, Hannah&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22White-Schwoch%2C+Travis%22&quot;&gt;White-Schwoch, Travis&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Kraus%2C+Nina%22&quot;&gt;Kraus, Nina&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Massawe%2C+Enica%22&quot;&gt;Massawe, Enica&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Moshi%2C+Ndeserua%22&quot;&gt;Moshi, Ndeserua&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Buckey%2C+Jay%22&quot;&gt;Buckey, Jay&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Child+Neuropsychology%22&quot;&gt;Child Neuropsychology&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Jan 2022, Vol. 28 Issue 1, p107-119. 13p. 6 Charts, 1 Graph.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Socioeconomic+status%22&quot;&gt;Socioeconomic status&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22HIV%22&quot;&gt;HIV&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22HIV-positive+children%22&quot;&gt;HIV-positive children&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Analysis+of+covariance%22&quot;&gt;Analysis of covariance&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22School+attendance%22&quot;&gt;School attendance&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Cognitive+ability%22&quot;&gt;Cognitive ability&lt;/searchLink&gt;
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Tanzania%22&quot;&gt;Tanzania&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Dar+es+Salaam+%28Tanzania%29%22&quot;&gt;Dar es Salaam (Tanzania)&lt;/searchLink&gt;
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Children living with HIV can experience cognitive difficulties. Most neuropsychological tests have been constructed in Western languages, meaning they may not be appropriate for use in non-Western settings. To address this, we used an entirely nonverbal measure of cognitive ability in a sub-Saharan African sample. For this cross-sectional analysis, 316 children (162 HIV+ and 154 HIV-, ages 3–9) completed the Leiter-3 as part of a larger study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Statistical tests included analysis of covariance and multiple linear regression to account for environmental variables. HIV+ children performed worse than HIV – controls on two composite scores: Nonverbal IQ (p &lt;.001) and Processing Speed (p &lt; 0.001). Similar trends were observed on core subtests. Multiple linear regression models revealed that age, socioeconomic status, and school attendance predicted all Leiter-3 test composites. Critically, the addition of HIV status to the models improved prediction of Nonverbal IQ (∆R2 = 0.03, p =.001) and Processing Speed (∆R2 = 0.06, p &lt;.001). Children living with HIV performed worse than HIV- controls on most Leiter-3 measures. While age, SES, and school attendance predicted Leiter-3 performance, HIV status improved prediction capabilities when added to the model. The Leiter-3 may offer a viable measure of cognitive ability in non-Western settings that can be used in its original form without translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Child Neuropsychology is the property of Taylor &amp; Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/09297049.2021.1957809
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 107
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Socioeconomic status
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: HIV
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: HIV-positive children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Analysis of covariance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: School attendance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cognitive ability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Tanzania
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dar es Salaam (Tanzania)
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Nonverbal cognitive assessment of children in Tanzania with and without HIV.
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            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Text: Jan 2022
              Type: published
              Y: 2022
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