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State‐Level Social and Economic Policies and Their Association With Perinatal and Infant Outcomes.

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Title: State‐Level Social and Economic Policies and Their Association With Perinatal and Infant Outcomes.
Authors: WEBSTER, JESSICA L., PAUL, DAVID, PURTLE, JONATHAN, LOCKE, ROBERT, GOLDSTEIN, NEAL D.
Source: Milbank Quarterly. Mar2022, Vol. 100 Issue 1, p218-260. 43p. 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 1 Map.
Subjects: Health policy, Online information services, Premature infants, Confidence intervals, Systematic reviews, Economics, Low birth weight, Descriptive statistics, Public welfare, Infant mortality, Data analysis software, MEDLINE
Abstract: Policy PointsState‐level social and economic policies that expand tax credits, increase paid parental leave, raise the minimum wage, and increase tobacco taxes have been demonstrated to reduce adverse perinatal and infant health outcomes.These findings can help prioritize evidence‐based legislated policies to improve perinatal and infant outcomes in the United States. Context: Rates of preterm birth and infant mortality are alarmingly high in the United States. Legislated efforts may directly or indirectly reduce adverse perinatal and infant outcomes through the enactment of certain economic and social policies. Methods: We conducted a narrative review to summarize the associations between perinatal and infant outcomes and four state‐level US policies. We then used a latent profile analysis to create a social and economic policy profile for each state based on the observed policy indicators. Findings: Of 27 articles identified, nine focused on tax credits, eight on paid parental leave, four on minimum wages, and six on tobacco taxes. In all but three studies, these policies were associated with improved perinatal or infant outcomes. Thirty‐three states had tax credit laws, most commonly the earned income tax credit (n = 28, 56%). Eighteen states had parental leave laws. Two states had minimum wage laws lower than the federal minimum; 14 were equal to the federal minimum; 29 were above the federal minimum; and 5 did not have a state law. The average state tobacco tax was $1.76 (standard deviation = $1.08). The latent profile analysis revealed three policy profiles, with the most expansive policies in Western and Northeastern US states, and the least expansive policies in the US South. Conclusions: State‐level social and economic policies have the potential to reduce adverse perinatal and infant health outcomes in the United States. Those states with the least expansive policies should therefore consider enacting these evidence‐based policies, as they have shown a demonstratable benefit in other states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Milbank Quarterly is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: State‐Level Social and Economic Policies and Their Association With Perinatal and Infant Outcomes.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Milbank+Quarterly%22">Milbank Quarterly</searchLink>. Mar2022, Vol. 100 Issue 1, p218-260. 43p. 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 1 Map.
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  Data: Policy PointsState‐level social and economic policies that expand tax credits, increase paid parental leave, raise the minimum wage, and increase tobacco taxes have been demonstrated to reduce adverse perinatal and infant health outcomes.These findings can help prioritize evidence‐based legislated policies to improve perinatal and infant outcomes in the United States. Context: Rates of preterm birth and infant mortality are alarmingly high in the United States. Legislated efforts may directly or indirectly reduce adverse perinatal and infant outcomes through the enactment of certain economic and social policies. Methods: We conducted a narrative review to summarize the associations between perinatal and infant outcomes and four state‐level US policies. We then used a latent profile analysis to create a social and economic policy profile for each state based on the observed policy indicators. Findings: Of 27 articles identified, nine focused on tax credits, eight on paid parental leave, four on minimum wages, and six on tobacco taxes. In all but three studies, these policies were associated with improved perinatal or infant outcomes. Thirty‐three states had tax credit laws, most commonly the earned income tax credit (n = 28, 56%). Eighteen states had parental leave laws. Two states had minimum wage laws lower than the federal minimum; 14 were equal to the federal minimum; 29 were above the federal minimum; and 5 did not have a state law. The average state tobacco tax was $1.76 (standard deviation = $1.08). The latent profile analysis revealed three policy profiles, with the most expansive policies in Western and Northeastern US states, and the least expansive policies in the US South. Conclusions: State‐level social and economic policies have the potential to reduce adverse perinatal and infant health outcomes in the United States. Those states with the least expansive policies should therefore consider enacting these evidence‐based policies, as they have shown a demonstratable benefit in other states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Milbank Quarterly is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1111/1468-0009.12548
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      – SubjectFull: Online information services
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      – SubjectFull: Premature infants
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      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
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      – SubjectFull: Systematic reviews
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      – SubjectFull: Economics
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      – SubjectFull: Infant mortality
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              Text: Mar2022
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