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Behind the weapon of war: sexual violence in wartime as a reflection of social attitudes towards women in peacetime.

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Title: Behind the weapon of war: sexual violence in wartime as a reflection of social attitudes towards women in peacetime.
Authors: Alexandre, Ali Bitenga, Moke Mutondo, Kitoka
Source: Journal of Sexual Aggression. Jul2022, Vol. 28 Issue 2, p149-163. 15p.
Subjects: War, Research methodology, Social norms, Violence, Interviewing, Gender, Sex crimes, Gender inequality
Geographic Terms: Congo (Democratic Republic)
Abstract: This article looks at practices of sexual violence that were prevalent during the period before the conflict in 1996 in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and shows how they have contributed to war-related sexual violence. The findings are based on 30 semi-structured interviews with men and women who directly or indirectly witnessed sexual violence in South Kivu province prior to the 1996 war. The findings suggest that prior to its use as a weapon of war in armed conflicts, sexual violence was already embedded in gender norms that regard women as subordinate to men and in the traditional perception of masculinity. Although sexual violence may have been less prevalent before the war, it was nonetheless perpetrated as a tactic for coercing marriage, correcting and punishing women, and sexual gratification. This article argues that in addition to ending armed conflicts, anti-sexual violence interventions have to take into account the sociocultural factors underlying this phenomenon and promote gender equality and justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Sexual Aggression is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
Header DbId: pbh
DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
An: 157869137
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Data: Behind the weapon of war: sexual violence in wartime as a reflection of social attitudes towards women in peacetime.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alexandre%2C+Ali+Bitenga%22">Alexandre, Ali Bitenga</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Moke+Mutondo%2C+Kitoka%22">Moke Mutondo, Kitoka</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Sexual+Aggression%22">Journal of Sexual Aggression</searchLink>. Jul2022, Vol. 28 Issue 2, p149-163. 15p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22War%22">War</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+methodology%22">Research methodology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+norms%22">Social norms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Violence%22">Violence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interviewing%22">Interviewing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gender%22">Gender</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sex+crimes%22">Sex crimes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gender+inequality%22">Gender inequality</searchLink>
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  Label: Geographic Terms
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Congo+%28Democratic+Republic%29%22">Congo (Democratic Republic)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This article looks at practices of sexual violence that were prevalent during the period before the conflict in 1996 in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and shows how they have contributed to war-related sexual violence. The findings are based on 30 semi-structured interviews with men and women who directly or indirectly witnessed sexual violence in South Kivu province prior to the 1996 war. The findings suggest that prior to its use as a weapon of war in armed conflicts, sexual violence was already embedded in gender norms that regard women as subordinate to men and in the traditional perception of masculinity. Although sexual violence may have been less prevalent before the war, it was nonetheless perpetrated as a tactic for coercing marriage, correcting and punishing women, and sexual gratification. This article argues that in addition to ending armed conflicts, anti-sexual violence interventions have to take into account the sociocultural factors underlying this phenomenon and promote gender equality and justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Sexual Aggression is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=157869137
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/13552600.2021.1949500
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 149
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: War
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research methodology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Social norms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Violence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interviewing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gender
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sex crimes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gender inequality
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Congo (Democratic Republic)
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Behind the weapon of war: sexual violence in wartime as a reflection of social attitudes towards women in peacetime.
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          Name:
            NameFull: Alexandre, Ali Bitenga
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Moke Mutondo, Kitoka
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: Jul2022
              Type: published
              Y: 2022
          Identifiers:
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              Value: 13552600
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              Value: 28
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              Value: 2
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Journal of Sexual Aggression
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