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Boosting confidence without boosting performance: item strength creates the illusion of source accuracy.

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Title: Boosting confidence without boosting performance: item strength creates the illusion of source accuracy.
Authors: Sanders, D. Merika W. (AUTHOR), Cowell, Rosemary A. (AUTHOR), Castillo, Johanny (AUTHOR), Starns, Jeffrey J. (AUTHOR)
Source: Memory. Oct2022, Vol. 30 Issue 9, p1172-1191. 20p.
Subjects: Memory, Recognition (Psychology), Confidence, Judgment (Psychology), Analysis of variance, Confidence intervals, Undergraduates, Face, Decision making, Attention, Descriptive statistics, Chi-squared test, Research funding, Receiver operating characteristic curves
Abstract: People often express high confidence for misremembered sources. Starns and Ksander ([2016]. Item strength influences source confidence and alters source memory zROC slopes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 42(3), 351-365; hereafter SK16) found that this happens more often when a person is highly confident in memory for the item itself, and that simply increasing item memory can increase high-confidence source errors. Under the decision heuristic account, this pattern emerges because strong item memories contaminate source judgments by promoting high confidence responses even when source evidence is relatively weak. Consequently, strengthening item memory is predicted to increase confidence for both correct and incorrect source responses; however, SK16 could not assess this key prediction because their item-strength manipulation also impaired source memory. We report two experiments with new item-strengthening manipulations designed to minimise source memory impairments. Results replicated the evidence for the decision heuristic account reported by SK16 and provided additional support by showing a boost in source confidence for both correct and error responses when item memory was strengthened without accompanying source impairments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Memory is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: People often express high confidence for misremembered sources. Starns and Ksander ([2016]. Item strength influences source confidence and alters source memory zROC slopes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 42(3), 351-365; hereafter SK16) found that this happens more often when a person is highly confident in memory for the item itself, and that simply increasing item memory can increase high-confidence source errors. Under the decision heuristic account, this pattern emerges because strong item memories contaminate source judgments by promoting high confidence responses even when source evidence is relatively weak. Consequently, strengthening item memory is predicted to increase confidence for both correct and incorrect source responses; however, SK16 could not assess this key prediction because their item-strength manipulation also impaired source memory. We report two experiments with new item-strengthening manipulations designed to minimise source memory impairments. Results replicated the evidence for the decision heuristic account reported by SK16 and provided additional support by showing a boost in source confidence for both correct and error responses when item memory was strengthened without accompanying source impairments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Memory is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1080/09658211.2022.2098338
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 20
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Recognition (Psychology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Confidence
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      – SubjectFull: Judgment (Psychology)
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      – SubjectFull: Analysis of variance
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      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
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      – SubjectFull: Undergraduates
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Face
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      – SubjectFull: Decision making
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      – SubjectFull: Attention
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chi-squared test
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      – SubjectFull: Research funding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Receiver operating characteristic curves
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Boosting confidence without boosting performance: item strength creates the illusion of source accuracy.
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            NameFull: Sanders, D. Merika W.
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            NameFull: Cowell, Rosemary A.
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              M: 10
              Text: Oct2022
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              Y: 2022
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