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Sequences of powder cocaine and crack use among arrestees in Los Angeles County.

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Title: Sequences of powder cocaine and crack use among arrestees in Los Angeles County.
Authors: Shaw, Victor N. (AUTHOR), Hser, Yih-Ing (AUTHOR), Anglin, M. Douglas (AUTHOR), Boyle, Kathleen (AUTHOR), Shaw, V N (AUTHOR), Hser, Y I (AUTHOR), Anglin, M D (AUTHOR), Boyle, K (AUTHOR)
Source: American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse. Feb99, Vol. 25 Issue 1, p47-66. 20p. 2 Charts.
Subjects: Cocaine abuse, Drug abuse treatment, Narcotics, Criminals with mental illness, Criminal law, Correctional institutions
Geographic Terms: California
Abstract: The epidemic of cocaine abuse has led to numerous studies on the substance. While extent of use, characteristics of users, patterns of use, and consequences of dependence are well documented for both powder cocaine and crack, few studies have dealt with the sequence or progression of use between the two forms of cocaine. This paper draws on arrestee data collected from county jails in Los Angeles, California. It identifies four sequences of powder cocaine and crack use and examines each sequence in terms of user characteristics, history of use, dependence, contact with the criminal justice system, and concomitant use of other drugs. Findings not only confirm some already established observations, but also offer new knowledge on powder cocaine and crack abuse. For instance, (a) whereas powder cocaine-initiated users are more likely to progress to crack than to restrict their use to powder cocaine only, crack-initiated users tend more often to use crack only than to progress to powder cocaine; and (b) powder cocaine and crack, when used interchangeably, can interact and reinforce each other, resulting in a higher level of use and dependence on both forms of the substance. This paper contributes to the understanding of powder cocaine and crack use among criminal offenders, in particular, and across the adult population, in general. It also sheds light on prevention, treatment, and social control policies of both cocaine abuse and overall illicit drug use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Sequences of powder cocaine and crack use among arrestees in Los Angeles County.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shaw%2C+Victor+N%2E%22">Shaw, Victor N.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hser%2C+Yih-Ing%22">Hser, Yih-Ing</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Anglin%2C+M%2E+Douglas%22">Anglin, M. Douglas</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Boyle%2C+Kathleen%22">Boyle, Kathleen</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shaw%2C+V+N%22">Shaw, V N</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hser%2C+Y+I%22">Hser, Y I</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Anglin%2C+M+D%22">Anglin, M D</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Boyle%2C+K%22">Boyle, K</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22American+Journal+of+Drug+%26+Alcohol+Abuse%22">American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse</searchLink>. Feb99, Vol. 25 Issue 1, p47-66. 20p. 2 Charts.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cocaine+abuse%22">Cocaine abuse</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drug+abuse+treatment%22">Drug abuse treatment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Narcotics%22">Narcotics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Criminals+with+mental+illness%22">Criminals with mental illness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Criminal+law%22">Criminal law</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Correctional+institutions%22">Correctional institutions</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22California%22">California</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The epidemic of cocaine abuse has led to numerous studies on the substance. While extent of use, characteristics of users, patterns of use, and consequences of dependence are well documented for both powder cocaine and crack, few studies have dealt with the sequence or progression of use between the two forms of cocaine. This paper draws on arrestee data collected from county jails in Los Angeles, California. It identifies four sequences of powder cocaine and crack use and examines each sequence in terms of user characteristics, history of use, dependence, contact with the criminal justice system, and concomitant use of other drugs. Findings not only confirm some already established observations, but also offer new knowledge on powder cocaine and crack abuse. For instance, (a) whereas powder cocaine-initiated users are more likely to progress to crack than to restrict their use to powder cocaine only, crack-initiated users tend more often to use crack only than to progress to powder cocaine; and (b) powder cocaine and crack, when used interchangeably, can interact and reinforce each other, resulting in a higher level of use and dependence on both forms of the substance. This paper contributes to the understanding of powder cocaine and crack use among criminal offenders, in particular, and across the adult population, in general. It also sheds light on prevention, treatment, and social control policies of both cocaine abuse and overall illicit drug use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1081/ADA-100101845
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 20
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Cocaine abuse
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Drug abuse treatment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Narcotics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Criminals with mental illness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Criminal law
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Correctional institutions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: California
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Sequences of powder cocaine and crack use among arrestees in Los Angeles County.
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            NameFull: Shaw, Victor N.
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            – D: 01
              M: 02
              Text: Feb99
              Type: published
              Y: 1999
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              Value: 00952990
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              Value: 25
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            – TitleFull: American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse
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