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Time for Action: Neural Basis of the Costs and Benefits of Temporal Predictability for Competing Response Choices.

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Title: Time for Action: Neural Basis of the Costs and Benefits of Temporal Predictability for Competing Response Choices.
Authors: Korolczuk, Inga (AUTHOR), Burle, Boris (AUTHOR), Coull, Jennifer T. (AUTHOR), Śmigasiewicz, Kamila (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. Feb2022, Vol. 34 Issue 2, p273-289. 17p. 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs.
Subjects: Motor cortex, Neural inhibition, Response inhibition, Conflict management, Cost
Abstract: The brain can anticipate the time of imminent events to optimize sensorimotor processing. Yet, there can be behavioral costs of temporal predictability under situations of response conflict. Here, we sought to identify the neural basis of these costs and benefits by examining motor control processes in a combined EEG–EMG study. We recorded electrophysiological markers of response activation and inhibition over motor cortex when the onset-time of visual targets could be predicted, or not, and when responses necessitated conflict resolution, or not. If stimuli were temporally predictable but evoked conflicting responses, we observed increased intertrial consistency in the delta range over the motor cortex involved in response implementation, perhaps reflecting increased response difficulty. More importantly, temporal predictability differentially modulated motor cortex activity as a function of response conflict before the response was even initiated. This effect occurred in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the response, which is involved in inhibiting unwanted actions. If target features all triggered the same response, temporal predictability increased cortical inhibition of the incorrect response hand. Conversely, if different target features triggered two conflicting responses, temporal predictability decreased inhibition of the incorrect, yet prepotent, response. This dissociation reconciles the well-established behavioral benefits of temporal predictability for nonconflicting responses as well as its costs for conflicting ones by providing an elegant mechanism that operates selectively over the motor cortex involved in suppressing inappropriate actions just before response initiation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that temporal information differentially guides motor activity depending on response choice complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience is the property of MIT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Time for Action: Neural Basis of the Costs and Benefits of Temporal Predictability for Competing Response Choices.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Korolczuk%2C+Inga%22">Korolczuk, Inga</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burle%2C+Boris%22">Burle, Boris</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Coull%2C+Jennifer+T%2E%22">Coull, Jennifer T.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Śmigasiewicz%2C+Kamila%22">Śmigasiewicz, Kamila</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Cognitive+Neuroscience%22">Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience</searchLink>. Feb2022, Vol. 34 Issue 2, p273-289. 17p. 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Motor+cortex%22">Motor cortex</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neural+inhibition%22">Neural inhibition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Response+inhibition%22">Response inhibition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Conflict+management%22">Conflict management</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cost%22">Cost</searchLink>
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  Data: The brain can anticipate the time of imminent events to optimize sensorimotor processing. Yet, there can be behavioral costs of temporal predictability under situations of response conflict. Here, we sought to identify the neural basis of these costs and benefits by examining motor control processes in a combined EEG–EMG study. We recorded electrophysiological markers of response activation and inhibition over motor cortex when the onset-time of visual targets could be predicted, or not, and when responses necessitated conflict resolution, or not. If stimuli were temporally predictable but evoked conflicting responses, we observed increased intertrial consistency in the delta range over the motor cortex involved in response implementation, perhaps reflecting increased response difficulty. More importantly, temporal predictability differentially modulated motor cortex activity as a function of response conflict before the response was even initiated. This effect occurred in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the response, which is involved in inhibiting unwanted actions. If target features all triggered the same response, temporal predictability increased cortical inhibition of the incorrect response hand. Conversely, if different target features triggered two conflicting responses, temporal predictability decreased inhibition of the incorrect, yet prepotent, response. This dissociation reconciles the well-established behavioral benefits of temporal predictability for nonconflicting responses as well as its costs for conflicting ones by providing an elegant mechanism that operates selectively over the motor cortex involved in suppressing inappropriate actions just before response initiation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that temporal information differentially guides motor activity depending on response choice complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience is the property of MIT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1162/jocn_a_01795
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Neural inhibition
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      – SubjectFull: Response inhibition
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      – SubjectFull: Conflict management
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      – TitleFull: Time for Action: Neural Basis of the Costs and Benefits of Temporal Predictability for Competing Response Choices.
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              Text: Feb2022
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              Y: 2022
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