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Loneliness is associated with a greater self‐reference effect in episodic memory when compared against a close friend.

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Title: Loneliness is associated with a greater self‐reference effect in episodic memory when compared against a close friend.
Authors: Kokici, Laureta, Chirtop, Gratiela, Ferguson, Heather J., Martin, Andrew K.
Source: British Journal of Psychology. Aug2023, Vol. 114 Issue 3, p731-748. 18p. 2 Charts, 4 Graphs.
Subjects: Friendship, Self-perception, Social networks, Task performance, Language & languages, Comparative studies, Loneliness, Episodic memory, Vocabulary, Mental depression, Cognitive testing, Psychosocial factors
Geographic Terms: United Kingdom
Abstract: Loneliness describes a negative experience associated with perceived social disconnection. Despite the clear links between loneliness and mental and physical health, relatively little is known about how loneliness affects cognition. In this study, we tested the effect of loneliness on cognitive distance between the self and others, using a task in which participants completed a surprise memory task for adjectives implicitly encoded in relation to the self, a close friend or a celebrity. We assessed item memory sensitivity, metacognitive sensitivity, metacognitive efficiency and source memory for positive and negative words. In addition, participants reported their trait loneliness and depression. Results revealed an overall self‐referential advantage compared with both friend and celebrity encoded items. Likewise, a friend‐referential advantage was identified compared to celebrity‐encoded items. Individuals who experienced more loneliness showed a greater self‐referential bias in comparison to words encoded in relation to a close friend, and a smaller friend‐referential bias in comparison to words encoded in relation to celebrity. These findings suggest that loneliness is reflected in a greater cognitive distance between the self and close friends in relation to memory biases. The results have important implications for understanding the social contextual effects on memory and the cognitive ramifications of loneliness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of British Journal of Psychology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Loneliness is associated with a greater self‐reference effect in episodic memory when compared against a close friend.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kokici%2C+Laureta%22">Kokici, Laureta</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chirtop%2C+Gratiela%22">Chirtop, Gratiela</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ferguson%2C+Heather+J%2E%22">Ferguson, Heather J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Martin%2C+Andrew+K%2E%22">Martin, Andrew K.</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22British+Journal+of+Psychology%22">British Journal of Psychology</searchLink>. Aug2023, Vol. 114 Issue 3, p731-748. 18p. 2 Charts, 4 Graphs.
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  Data: Loneliness describes a negative experience associated with perceived social disconnection. Despite the clear links between loneliness and mental and physical health, relatively little is known about how loneliness affects cognition. In this study, we tested the effect of loneliness on cognitive distance between the self and others, using a task in which participants completed a surprise memory task for adjectives implicitly encoded in relation to the self, a close friend or a celebrity. We assessed item memory sensitivity, metacognitive sensitivity, metacognitive efficiency and source memory for positive and negative words. In addition, participants reported their trait loneliness and depression. Results revealed an overall self‐referential advantage compared with both friend and celebrity encoded items. Likewise, a friend‐referential advantage was identified compared to celebrity‐encoded items. Individuals who experienced more loneliness showed a greater self‐referential bias in comparison to words encoded in relation to a close friend, and a smaller friend‐referential bias in comparison to words encoded in relation to celebrity. These findings suggest that loneliness is reflected in a greater cognitive distance between the self and close friends in relation to memory biases. The results have important implications for understanding the social contextual effects on memory and the cognitive ramifications of loneliness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of British Journal of Psychology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=164879265
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        Value: 10.1111/bjop.12646
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Friendship
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Self-perception
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      – SubjectFull: Social networks
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Task performance
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      – SubjectFull: Language & languages
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Comparative studies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Loneliness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Episodic memory
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      – SubjectFull: Vocabulary
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mental depression
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      – SubjectFull: Cognitive testing
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      – SubjectFull: Psychosocial factors
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      – SubjectFull: United Kingdom
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Loneliness is associated with a greater self‐reference effect in episodic memory when compared against a close friend.
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            NameFull: Kokici, Laureta
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            NameFull: Chirtop, Gratiela
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            NameFull: Ferguson, Heather J.
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              M: 08
              Text: Aug2023
              Type: published
              Y: 2023
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