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The relationship between mindfulness and enduring somatic threat severity in long-term cardiac arrest survivors.

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Title: The relationship between mindfulness and enduring somatic threat severity in long-term cardiac arrest survivors.
Authors: Presciutti, Alexander M., Bannon, Sarah M., Yamin, Jolin B., Newman, Mary M., Parker, Robert A., Elmer, Jonathan, Wu, Ona, Donnino, Michael W., Perman, Sarah M., Vranceanu, Ana-Maria
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine. Oct2023, Vol. 46 Issue 5, p890-896. 7p. 2 Charts.
Subjects: Anxiety treatment, Treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder, Mindfulness, Psychology of cardiac patients, Age distribution, Time, Regression analysis, Post-traumatic stress disorder, Severity of illness index, Sex distribution, Cardiac arrest, Questionnaires, Descriptive statistics, Research funding, COVID-19 pandemic, Evaluation
Abstract: Background: Cardiac arrest (CA) survivors experience continuous exposures to potential traumas though chronic cognitive, physical and emotional sequelae and enduring somatic threats (ESTs) (i.e., recurring somatic traumatic reminders of the event). Sources of ESTs can include the daily sensation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), ICD-delivered shocks, pain from rescue compressions, fatigue, weakness, and changes in physical function. Mindfulness, defined as non-judgmental present-moment awareness, is a teachable skill that might help CA survivors cope with ESTs. Here we describe the severity of ESTs in a sample of long-term CA survivors and explore the cross-sectional relationship between mindfulness and severity of ESTs. Methods: We analyzed survey data of long-term CA survivors who were members of the Sudden Cardiac Arrest Foundation (collected 10–11/2020). We assessed ESTs using 4 cardiac threat items from the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-revised (items range from 0 "very little" to 4 "very much") which we summed to create a score reflecting total EST burden (range 0–16). We assessed mindfulness using the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised. First, we summarized the distribution of EST scores. Second, we used linear regression to describe the relationship between mindfulness and EST severity adjusting for age, gender, time since arrest, COVID-19-related stress, and loss of income due to COVID. Results: We included 145 CA survivors (mean age: 51 years, 52% male, 93.8% white, mean time since arrest: 6 years, 24.1% scored in the upper quarter of EST severity). Greater mindfulness (β: -30, p = 0.002), older age (β: -0.30, p = 0.01) and longer time since CA (β: -0.23, p = 0.005) were associated with lower EST severity. Male sex was also associated with greater EST severity (β: 0.21, p = 0.009). Conclusion: ESTs are common among CA survivors. Mindfulness may be a protective skill that CA survivors use to cope with ESTs. Future psychosocial interventions for the CA population should consider using mindfulness as a core skill to reduce ESTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Behavioral Medicine is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: The relationship between mindfulness and enduring somatic threat severity in long-term cardiac arrest survivors.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Presciutti%2C+Alexander+M%2E%22">Presciutti, Alexander M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bannon%2C+Sarah+M%2E%22">Bannon, Sarah M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yamin%2C+Jolin+B%2E%22">Yamin, Jolin B.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Newman%2C+Mary+M%2E%22">Newman, Mary M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Parker%2C+Robert+A%2E%22">Parker, Robert A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Elmer%2C+Jonathan%22">Elmer, Jonathan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Ona%22">Wu, Ona</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Donnino%2C+Michael+W%2E%22">Donnino, Michael W.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Perman%2C+Sarah+M%2E%22">Perman, Sarah M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vranceanu%2C+Ana-Maria%22">Vranceanu, Ana-Maria</searchLink>
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  Data: Background: Cardiac arrest (CA) survivors experience continuous exposures to potential traumas though chronic cognitive, physical and emotional sequelae and enduring somatic threats (ESTs) (i.e., recurring somatic traumatic reminders of the event). Sources of ESTs can include the daily sensation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), ICD-delivered shocks, pain from rescue compressions, fatigue, weakness, and changes in physical function. Mindfulness, defined as non-judgmental present-moment awareness, is a teachable skill that might help CA survivors cope with ESTs. Here we describe the severity of ESTs in a sample of long-term CA survivors and explore the cross-sectional relationship between mindfulness and severity of ESTs. Methods: We analyzed survey data of long-term CA survivors who were members of the Sudden Cardiac Arrest Foundation (collected 10–11/2020). We assessed ESTs using 4 cardiac threat items from the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-revised (items range from 0 "very little" to 4 "very much") which we summed to create a score reflecting total EST burden (range 0–16). We assessed mindfulness using the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised. First, we summarized the distribution of EST scores. Second, we used linear regression to describe the relationship between mindfulness and EST severity adjusting for age, gender, time since arrest, COVID-19-related stress, and loss of income due to COVID. Results: We included 145 CA survivors (mean age: 51 years, 52% male, 93.8% white, mean time since arrest: 6 years, 24.1% scored in the upper quarter of EST severity). Greater mindfulness (β: -30, p = 0.002), older age (β: -0.30, p = 0.01) and longer time since CA (β: -0.23, p = 0.005) were associated with lower EST severity. Male sex was also associated with greater EST severity (β: 0.21, p = 0.009). Conclusion: ESTs are common among CA survivors. Mindfulness may be a protective skill that CA survivors use to cope with ESTs. Future psychosocial interventions for the CA population should consider using mindfulness as a core skill to reduce ESTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Behavioral Medicine is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s10865-023-00405-x
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 7
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Anxiety treatment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder
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      – SubjectFull: Mindfulness
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      – SubjectFull: Psychology of cardiac patients
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      – SubjectFull: Age distribution
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      – SubjectFull: Time
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      – SubjectFull: Regression analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Post-traumatic stress disorder
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      – SubjectFull: Severity of illness index
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      – SubjectFull: Sex distribution
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      – SubjectFull: Cardiac arrest
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