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Vocabulary and automatic attention: The relation between novel words and gaze dynamics in noun generalization.

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Title: Vocabulary and automatic attention: The relation between novel words and gaze dynamics in noun generalization.
Authors: Bakopoulou, Milena (AUTHOR), Lorenz, Megan G. (AUTHOR), Forbes, Samuel H. (AUTHOR), Tremlin, Rachel (AUTHOR), Bates, Jessica (AUTHOR), Samuelson, Larissa K. (AUTHOR)
Source: Developmental Science. Nov2023, Vol. 26 Issue 6, p1-9. 9p.
Subjects: Language delay, Children's language, Gaze, Generalization, Vocabulary, Nouns
Abstract: Words direct visual attention in infants, children, and adults, presumably by activating representations of referents that then direct attention to matching stimuli in the visual scene. Novel, unknown, words have also been shown to direct attention, likely via the activation of more general representations of naming events. To examine the critical issue of how novel words and visual attention interact to support word learning we coded frame‐by‐frame the gaze of 17‐ to 31‐month‐old children (n = 66, 38 females) while generalizing novel nouns. We replicate prior findings of more attention to shape when generalizing novel nouns, and a relation to vocabulary development. However, we also find that following a naming event, children who produce fewer nouns take longer to look at the objects they eventually select and make more transitions between objects before making a generalization decision. Children who produce more nouns look to the objects they eventually select more quickly following the naming event and make fewer looking transitions. We discuss these findings in the context of prior proposals regarding children's few‐shot category learning, and a developmental cascade of multiple perceptual, cognitive, and word‐learning processes that may operate in cases of both typical development and language delay. Research Highlights: Examined how novel words guide visual attention by coding frame‐by‐frame where children look when asked to generalize novel names.Gaze patterns differed with vocabulary size: children with smaller vocabularies attended to generalization targets more slowly and did more comparison than those with larger vocabularies.Demonstrates a relationship between vocabulary size and attention to object properties during naming.This work has implications for looking‐based tests of early cognition, and our understanding of children's few‐shot category learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Developmental Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Vocabulary and automatic attention: The relation between novel words and gaze dynamics in noun generalization.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bakopoulou%2C+Milena%22">Bakopoulou, Milena</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lorenz%2C+Megan+G%2E%22">Lorenz, Megan G.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Forbes%2C+Samuel+H%2E%22">Forbes, Samuel H.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tremlin%2C+Rachel%22">Tremlin, Rachel</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bates%2C+Jessica%22">Bates, Jessica</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Samuelson%2C+Larissa+K%2E%22">Samuelson, Larissa K.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Developmental+Science%22">Developmental Science</searchLink>. Nov2023, Vol. 26 Issue 6, p1-9. 9p.
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  Data: Words direct visual attention in infants, children, and adults, presumably by activating representations of referents that then direct attention to matching stimuli in the visual scene. Novel, unknown, words have also been shown to direct attention, likely via the activation of more general representations of naming events. To examine the critical issue of how novel words and visual attention interact to support word learning we coded frame‐by‐frame the gaze of 17‐ to 31‐month‐old children (n = 66, 38 females) while generalizing novel nouns. We replicate prior findings of more attention to shape when generalizing novel nouns, and a relation to vocabulary development. However, we also find that following a naming event, children who produce fewer nouns take longer to look at the objects they eventually select and make more transitions between objects before making a generalization decision. Children who produce more nouns look to the objects they eventually select more quickly following the naming event and make fewer looking transitions. We discuss these findings in the context of prior proposals regarding children's few‐shot category learning, and a developmental cascade of multiple perceptual, cognitive, and word‐learning processes that may operate in cases of both typical development and language delay. Research Highlights: Examined how novel words guide visual attention by coding frame‐by‐frame where children look when asked to generalize novel names.Gaze patterns differed with vocabulary size: children with smaller vocabularies attended to generalization targets more slowly and did more comparison than those with larger vocabularies.Demonstrates a relationship between vocabulary size and attention to object properties during naming.This work has implications for looking‐based tests of early cognition, and our understanding of children's few‐shot category learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Developmental Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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              Text: Nov2023
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