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Mental health outcomes of encephalitis: An international web‐based study.

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Title: Mental health outcomes of encephalitis: An international web‐based study.
Authors: Butler, Matt (AUTHOR), Abdat, Yasmin (AUTHOR), Zandi, Michael (AUTHOR), Michael, Benedict D. (AUTHOR), Coutinho, Ester (AUTHOR), Nicholson, Timothy R. (AUTHOR), Easton, Ava (AUTHOR), Pollak, Thomas A. (AUTHOR)
Source: European Journal of Neurology. Jan2024, Vol. 31 Issue 1, p1-10. 10p.
Subjects: Mental health services, Encephalitis, Mental illness, Post-traumatic stress disorder, Mental health, Panic disorders
Geographic Terms: United Kingdom
Abstract: Background and purpose: Acute encephalitis is associated with psychiatric symptoms. Despite this, the extent of mental health problems following encephalitis has not been systematically reported. Methods: We recruited adults who had been diagnosed with encephalitis of any aetiology to complete a web‐based questionnaire. Results: In total, 445 respondents from 31 countries (55.1% UK, 23.1% USA) responded. Infectious encephalitis constituted 65.4% of cases, autoimmune 29.7%. Mean age was 50.1 years, 65.8% were female, and median time since encephalitis diagnosis was 7 years. The most common self‐reported psychiatric symptoms were anxiety (75.2%), sleep problems (64.4%), mood problems (62.2%), and unexpected crying (35.2%). Self‐reported psychiatric diagnoses were common: anxiety (44.0%), depression (38.6%), panic disorder (15.7%), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; 21.3%). Severe mental illnesses such as psychosis (3.3%) and bipolar affective disorder (3.1%) were reported. Self‐reported diagnosis rates were broadly consistent with results from the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire. Many respondents also reported they had symptoms of anxiety (37.5%), depression (28.1%), PTSD (26.8%), or panic disorder (20.9%) that had not been diagnosed. Rates of psychiatric symptoms did not differ between autoimmune and infectious encephalitis. In total, 37.5% respondents had thought about suicide, and 4.4% had attempted suicide, since their encephalitis diagnosis. More than half of respondents (53.5%) reported they had no, or substandard, access to appropriate mental health care. High rates of sensory hypersensitivities (>75%) suggest a previously unreported association. Conclusions: This large international survey indicates that psychiatric symptoms following encephalitis are common and that mental health care provision may be inadequate. We highlight a need for proactive psychiatric input. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Journal of Neurology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Mental health outcomes of encephalitis: An international web‐based study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Butler%2C+Matt%22">Butler, Matt</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Abdat%2C+Yasmin%22">Abdat, Yasmin</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zandi%2C+Michael%22">Zandi, Michael</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Michael%2C+Benedict+D%2E%22">Michael, Benedict D.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Coutinho%2C+Ester%22">Coutinho, Ester</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nicholson%2C+Timothy+R%2E%22">Nicholson, Timothy R.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Easton%2C+Ava%22">Easton, Ava</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pollak%2C+Thomas+A%2E%22">Pollak, Thomas A.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22European+Journal+of+Neurology%22">European Journal of Neurology</searchLink>. Jan2024, Vol. 31 Issue 1, p1-10. 10p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+health+services%22">Mental health services</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Encephalitis%22">Encephalitis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+illness%22">Mental illness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Post-traumatic+stress+disorder%22">Post-traumatic stress disorder</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+health%22">Mental health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Panic+disorders%22">Panic disorders</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+Kingdom%22">United Kingdom</searchLink>
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  Data: Background and purpose: Acute encephalitis is associated with psychiatric symptoms. Despite this, the extent of mental health problems following encephalitis has not been systematically reported. Methods: We recruited adults who had been diagnosed with encephalitis of any aetiology to complete a web‐based questionnaire. Results: In total, 445 respondents from 31 countries (55.1% UK, 23.1% USA) responded. Infectious encephalitis constituted 65.4% of cases, autoimmune 29.7%. Mean age was 50.1 years, 65.8% were female, and median time since encephalitis diagnosis was 7 years. The most common self‐reported psychiatric symptoms were anxiety (75.2%), sleep problems (64.4%), mood problems (62.2%), and unexpected crying (35.2%). Self‐reported psychiatric diagnoses were common: anxiety (44.0%), depression (38.6%), panic disorder (15.7%), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; 21.3%). Severe mental illnesses such as psychosis (3.3%) and bipolar affective disorder (3.1%) were reported. Self‐reported diagnosis rates were broadly consistent with results from the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire. Many respondents also reported they had symptoms of anxiety (37.5%), depression (28.1%), PTSD (26.8%), or panic disorder (20.9%) that had not been diagnosed. Rates of psychiatric symptoms did not differ between autoimmune and infectious encephalitis. In total, 37.5% respondents had thought about suicide, and 4.4% had attempted suicide, since their encephalitis diagnosis. More than half of respondents (53.5%) reported they had no, or substandard, access to appropriate mental health care. High rates of sensory hypersensitivities (>75%) suggest a previously unreported association. Conclusions: This large international survey indicates that psychiatric symptoms following encephalitis are common and that mental health care provision may be inadequate. We highlight a need for proactive psychiatric input. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of European Journal of Neurology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Encephalitis
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      – SubjectFull: Mental illness
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      – SubjectFull: Post-traumatic stress disorder
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      – SubjectFull: United Kingdom
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              Text: Jan2024
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