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Does eating with others promote happiness among older adults living alone? A 3‐year longitudinal study of the Japan gerontological evaluation study.

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Title: Does eating with others promote happiness among older adults living alone? A 3‐year longitudinal study of the Japan gerontological evaluation study.
Authors: Wang, Hequn (AUTHOR), Tsuji, Taishi (AUTHOR), Ide, Kazushige (AUTHOR), Nakagomi, Atsushi (AUTHOR), Ling, Ling (AUTHOR), Kondo, Katsunori (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. Dec2023, Vol. 38 Issue 12, p1-9. 9p.
Subjects: Food habits, Home environment, Well-being, Social participation, Happiness, Confidence intervals, Social support, Independent variables, Mental health, Guttman scale, Mathematical variables, Descriptive statistics, Research funding, Emotions, Longitudinal method
Geographic Terms: Japan
Abstract: Objective: Living a happy life is an essential issue for old adults. However, how eating with others contributes to happiness and whether this association is different by living arrangements or not is unknown. The current study examined the relationship between the frequency of eating with others and happiness among older adults according to their living arrangements using 3‐year longitudinal data. Methods: The analyzed sample comprised 18,727 people (10,920 males and 7807 females) with low happiness (0–7 points on score of 0–10 points) from Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) in 2016. Our exposure was the frequency of eating with others: rarely, a few times a year, a few times a month, and a few times a week or more. We performed Modified Poisson Regression to examine the association between the frequency of eating with others and high happiness (8–10 points) in 2019 stratified by living arrangement (living alone/with others). Results: A total of 4352 (23.2%) people showed high happiness in 2019. After adjusting for age, sex, marital status, education, household income, social participation, illnesses under treatment, and depressive symptoms in 2016, the cumulative incidence ratio (CIR) for high happiness in 2019 among people living alone was more significant, that is, 1.28 (95% confidence intervals: 0.88–1.87), 1.50 (1.05–2.14), and 1.82 (1.26–2.63), than 1.28 (1.11–1.48), 1.30 (1.12–1.50), and 1.33 (1.16–1.52) among people living with others for those who ate with others a few times a year, a few times a month, and a few times a week or more compared to those who rarely ate with others, respectively. The interaction between the frequency of eating with others and living arrangements was statistically significant. The trend test showed that higher frequency of eating with others was significantly associated with high happiness. Conclusions: Eating with others was associated with improved happiness among older adults, with such an association being stronger among people living alone. Key points: Eating with others may improve happiness levels for older adults with low happiness.Eating with others more frequently was associated with improved happiness.This association was stronger among people living alone.Depressive symptoms may partially explain this association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Does eating with others promote happiness among older adults living alone? A 3‐year longitudinal study of the Japan gerontological evaluation study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Hequn%22">Wang, Hequn</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tsuji%2C+Taishi%22">Tsuji, Taishi</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ide%2C+Kazushige%22">Ide, Kazushige</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nakagomi%2C+Atsushi%22">Nakagomi, Atsushi</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ling%2C+Ling%22">Ling, Ling</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kondo%2C+Katsunori%22">Kondo, Katsunori</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Geriatric+Psychiatry%22">International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry</searchLink>. Dec2023, Vol. 38 Issue 12, p1-9. 9p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Food+habits%22">Food habits</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Home+environment%22">Home environment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Well-being%22">Well-being</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+participation%22">Social participation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Happiness%22">Happiness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence+intervals%22">Confidence intervals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+support%22">Social support</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Independent+variables%22">Independent variables</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+health%22">Mental health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Guttman+scale%22">Guttman scale</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematical+variables%22">Mathematical variables</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emotions%22">Emotions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Longitudinal+method%22">Longitudinal method</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Japan%22">Japan</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Objective: Living a happy life is an essential issue for old adults. However, how eating with others contributes to happiness and whether this association is different by living arrangements or not is unknown. The current study examined the relationship between the frequency of eating with others and happiness among older adults according to their living arrangements using 3‐year longitudinal data. Methods: The analyzed sample comprised 18,727 people (10,920 males and 7807 females) with low happiness (0–7 points on score of 0–10 points) from Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) in 2016. Our exposure was the frequency of eating with others: rarely, a few times a year, a few times a month, and a few times a week or more. We performed Modified Poisson Regression to examine the association between the frequency of eating with others and high happiness (8–10 points) in 2019 stratified by living arrangement (living alone/with others). Results: A total of 4352 (23.2%) people showed high happiness in 2019. After adjusting for age, sex, marital status, education, household income, social participation, illnesses under treatment, and depressive symptoms in 2016, the cumulative incidence ratio (CIR) for high happiness in 2019 among people living alone was more significant, that is, 1.28 (95% confidence intervals: 0.88–1.87), 1.50 (1.05–2.14), and 1.82 (1.26–2.63), than 1.28 (1.11–1.48), 1.30 (1.12–1.50), and 1.33 (1.16–1.52) among people living with others for those who ate with others a few times a year, a few times a month, and a few times a week or more compared to those who rarely ate with others, respectively. The interaction between the frequency of eating with others and living arrangements was statistically significant. The trend test showed that higher frequency of eating with others was significantly associated with high happiness. Conclusions: Eating with others was associated with improved happiness among older adults, with such an association being stronger among people living alone. Key points: Eating with others may improve happiness levels for older adults with low happiness.Eating with others more frequently was associated with improved happiness.This association was stronger among people living alone.Depressive symptoms may partially explain this association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/gps.6033
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 9
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Food habits
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Home environment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Well-being
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      – SubjectFull: Social participation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Happiness
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      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Social support
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Independent variables
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mental health
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Guttman scale
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mathematical variables
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      – SubjectFull: Research funding
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      – SubjectFull: Emotions
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      – SubjectFull: Longitudinal method
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      – SubjectFull: Japan
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      – TitleFull: Does eating with others promote happiness among older adults living alone? A 3‐year longitudinal study of the Japan gerontological evaluation study.
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              M: 12
              Text: Dec2023
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              Y: 2023
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