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Defining exceptional cognition in older adults: A systematic review of cognitive super‐ageing.

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Title: Defining exceptional cognition in older adults: A systematic review of cognitive super‐ageing.
Authors: Powell, Alice (AUTHOR), Page, Zara A. (AUTHOR), Close, Jacqueline C. T. (AUTHOR), Sachdev, Perminder S. (AUTHOR), Brodaty, Henry (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. Dec2023, Vol. 38 Issue 12, p1-20. 20p.
Subjects: Online information services, Psychology information storage & retrieval systems, Medical information storage & retrieval systems, Systematic reviews, Cognitive aging, Episodic memory, Research funding, Descriptive statistics, Cognitive testing, MEDLINE, Old age
Abstract: Objective: A consistent approach to defining cognitive super‐ageing is needed to increase the value of research insights that may be gained from studying this population including ageing well and preventing and treating neurodegenerative conditions. This review aims to evaluate the existing definitions of 'super‐ageing' with a focus on cognition. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO and Google Scholar from inception to 24 July 2023. Results: Of 44 English language studies that defined super‐ageing from a cognitive perspective in older adults (60–97 years), most (n = 33) were based on preserved verbal episodic memory performance comparable to that of younger adult in age range 16–65 years. Eleven studies defined super‐agers as the top cognitive performers for their age group based upon standard deviations or percentiles above the population mean. Only nine studies included longitudinal cognitive performance in their definitions. Conclusions: Equivalent cognitive abilities to younger adults, exceptional cognition for age and a lack of cognitive deterioration over time are all meaningful constructs and may provide different insights into cognitive ageing. Using these criteria in combination or individually to define super‐agers, with a clear rationale for which elements have been selected, could be fit for purpose depending on the research question. However, major discrepancies including the age range of super‐agers and comparator groups and the choice of cognitive domains assessed should be addressed to reach some consensus in the field. Key points: There is no uniform definition of super‐ageing or cognitive super‐ageingMost studies define cognitive super‐ageing based on verbal memoryProposed definition should include other cognitive domains, stability over time and functionAn agreed definition would support a collaborative approach for associated factors and studying this group may highlight strategies to combat cognitive decline [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Defining exceptional cognition in older adults: A systematic review of cognitive super‐ageing.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Geriatric+Psychiatry%22">International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry</searchLink>. Dec2023, Vol. 38 Issue 12, p1-20. 20p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Online+information+services%22">Online information services</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychology+information+storage+%26+retrieval+systems%22">Psychology information storage & retrieval systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+information+storage+%26+retrieval+systems%22">Medical information storage & retrieval systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Systematic+reviews%22">Systematic reviews</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+aging%22">Cognitive aging</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Episodic+memory%22">Episodic memory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+testing%22">Cognitive testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MEDLINE%22">MEDLINE</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Old+age%22">Old age</searchLink>
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  Data: Objective: A consistent approach to defining cognitive super‐ageing is needed to increase the value of research insights that may be gained from studying this population including ageing well and preventing and treating neurodegenerative conditions. This review aims to evaluate the existing definitions of 'super‐ageing' with a focus on cognition. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO and Google Scholar from inception to 24 July 2023. Results: Of 44 English language studies that defined super‐ageing from a cognitive perspective in older adults (60–97 years), most (n = 33) were based on preserved verbal episodic memory performance comparable to that of younger adult in age range 16–65 years. Eleven studies defined super‐agers as the top cognitive performers for their age group based upon standard deviations or percentiles above the population mean. Only nine studies included longitudinal cognitive performance in their definitions. Conclusions: Equivalent cognitive abilities to younger adults, exceptional cognition for age and a lack of cognitive deterioration over time are all meaningful constructs and may provide different insights into cognitive ageing. Using these criteria in combination or individually to define super‐agers, with a clear rationale for which elements have been selected, could be fit for purpose depending on the research question. However, major discrepancies including the age range of super‐agers and comparator groups and the choice of cognitive domains assessed should be addressed to reach some consensus in the field. Key points: There is no uniform definition of super‐ageing or cognitive super‐ageingMost studies define cognitive super‐ageing based on verbal memoryProposed definition should include other cognitive domains, stability over time and functionAn agreed definition would support a collaborative approach for associated factors and studying this group may highlight strategies to combat cognitive decline [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=174473973
RecordInfo BibRecord:
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        Value: 10.1002/gps.6034
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 20
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      – SubjectFull: Online information services
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      – SubjectFull: Psychology information storage & retrieval systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Medical information storage & retrieval systems
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      – SubjectFull: Systematic reviews
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      – SubjectFull: Cognitive aging
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      – SubjectFull: Episodic memory
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      – SubjectFull: Research funding
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      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Cognitive testing
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      – SubjectFull: MEDLINE
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      – SubjectFull: Old age
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      – TitleFull: Defining exceptional cognition in older adults: A systematic review of cognitive super‐ageing.
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            NameFull: Powell, Alice
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            – D: 01
              M: 12
              Text: Dec2023
              Type: published
              Y: 2023
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