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The effect of weight loss on hypothalamus structure and function in obese individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

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Title: The effect of weight loss on hypothalamus structure and function in obese individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Devi, Sharmila (AUTHOR), Gedda, Durga Udaya Keerthi (AUTHOR), Chawla, Shreya (AUTHOR), Doucette, Joanne (AUTHOR), Yadav, Nishi (AUTHOR), Mirshahi, Shervin (AUTHOR), de Moura, Leandro P. (AUTHOR), Velloso, Lício A. (AUTHOR), Mekary, Rania A. (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Neuroscience. 2024, Vol. 134 Issue 1, p75-87. 13p.
Subjects: Weight loss, Hypothalamus, Magnetic resonance imaging, Obesity, Gray matter (Nerve tissue)
Abstract: Introduction: Obesity presents with structural and functional hypothalamic dysfunction. However, it is unclear whether weight loss can lead to hypothalamic changes. We therefore aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effect of body mass reduction in obese individuals on hypothalamic structure and function. Methods: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched for studies that reported the change in hypothalamic structure and function after weight loss. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed on magnetic resonance imaging techniques, medio-basal hypothalamus T2-relaxation time, blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast, voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and biomarkers including glucose, insulin, leptin, ghrelin and inflammatory markers of interleukins. Mean differences between pre- and post-weight loss and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random-effects models. Results: Thirteen pre–post studies were included, of which six accounted for the meta-analysis. Studies showed a favorable decrease in T2-relaxation time (n = 1), favorable change in hypothalamic activity after weight loss on BOLD contrast (n = 4), with higher peak activities after surgical weight loss (n = 2). No differences were found in the gray matter density of the hypothalamus on VBM (n = 1). Pooled mean differences between pre- and post-surgical weight loss revealed a decrease of 8.53 mg/dl (95% CI: 5.17, 11.9) in glucose, 7.73 pmol/l (95% CI: 5.07, 10.4) in insulin, 15.5 ng/ml (95% CI: 9.40, 21.6) in leptin, 142.9 pg/ml (95% CI: 79.0, 206.8) in ghrelin and 9.43 pg/ml (95% CI: −6.89, 25.7) in IL-6 level. Conclusions: Our study showed weight reduction in obesity led to limited structural change and significant functional changes in the hypothalamus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Neuroscience is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: The effect of weight loss on hypothalamus structure and function in obese individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Devi%2C+Sharmila%22">Devi, Sharmila</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gedda%2C+Durga+Udaya+Keerthi%22">Gedda, Durga Udaya Keerthi</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chawla%2C+Shreya%22">Chawla, Shreya</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Doucette%2C+Joanne%22">Doucette, Joanne</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yadav%2C+Nishi%22">Yadav, Nishi</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mirshahi%2C+Shervin%22">Mirshahi, Shervin</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22de+Moura%2C+Leandro+P%2E%22">de Moura, Leandro P.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Velloso%2C+Lício+A%2E%22">Velloso, Lício A.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mekary%2C+Rania+A%2E%22">Mekary, Rania A.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Neuroscience%22">International Journal of Neuroscience</searchLink>. 2024, Vol. 134 Issue 1, p75-87. 13p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Weight+loss%22">Weight loss</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hypothalamus%22">Hypothalamus</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+resonance+imaging%22">Magnetic resonance imaging</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Obesity%22">Obesity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gray+matter+%28Nerve+tissue%29%22">Gray matter (Nerve tissue)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Introduction: Obesity presents with structural and functional hypothalamic dysfunction. However, it is unclear whether weight loss can lead to hypothalamic changes. We therefore aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effect of body mass reduction in obese individuals on hypothalamic structure and function. Methods: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched for studies that reported the change in hypothalamic structure and function after weight loss. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed on magnetic resonance imaging techniques, medio-basal hypothalamus T2-relaxation time, blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast, voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and biomarkers including glucose, insulin, leptin, ghrelin and inflammatory markers of interleukins. Mean differences between pre- and post-weight loss and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random-effects models. Results: Thirteen pre–post studies were included, of which six accounted for the meta-analysis. Studies showed a favorable decrease in T2-relaxation time (n = 1), favorable change in hypothalamic activity after weight loss on BOLD contrast (n = 4), with higher peak activities after surgical weight loss (n = 2). No differences were found in the gray matter density of the hypothalamus on VBM (n = 1). Pooled mean differences between pre- and post-surgical weight loss revealed a decrease of 8.53 mg/dl (95% CI: 5.17, 11.9) in glucose, 7.73 pmol/l (95% CI: 5.07, 10.4) in insulin, 15.5 ng/ml (95% CI: 9.40, 21.6) in leptin, 142.9 pg/ml (95% CI: 79.0, 206.8) in ghrelin and 9.43 pg/ml (95% CI: −6.89, 25.7) in IL-6 level. Conclusions: Our study showed weight reduction in obesity led to limited structural change and significant functional changes in the hypothalamus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Neuroscience is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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