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Development and validation of the simplified Chinese Author Recognition Test: Evidence from eye movements of Chinese adults in Mainland China.

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Title: Development and validation of the simplified Chinese Author Recognition Test: Evidence from eye movements of Chinese adults in Mainland China.
Authors: Su, Yongqiang, Li, Yixun, Li, Hong
Source: Journal of Research in Reading. Feb2024, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p20-44. 25p.
Subjects: Chinese authors, Eye movements, Short-term memory, Language & languages, Reading
Abstract: Background: It is well evident that individuals' levels of print exposure are significantly correlated with their reading ability across languages, and an author recognition test is commonly used to measure print exposure objectively. For the first time, the current work developed and validated a Simplified Chinese Author Recognition Test (SCART) and examined its role in explaining Chinese online reading. Methods: In Study 1, we constructed the SCART for readers of simplified Chinese and validated the test using data collected from 203 young adults in Mainland China. Participants were measured on the SCART and three self‐report tasks about their reading experiences and habits. Study 2 recruited additional 68 young adults in Mainland and measured their print exposure (with the same tasks used in Study 1), reading‐related cognitive ability (working memory, rapid automatic naming, Chinese character reading, and vocabulary knowledge), and Chinese online reading via an eye‐tracking passage reading task. Results: Results of Study 1 support the high reliability and validity of the SCART. Results of Study 2 indicate that SCART scores significantly predicted participants' online reading processing while controlling for subjective reading experiences and habits, and reading‐related cognitive abilities. Across two studies, we found converging evidence that the in‐depth recognition of the authors (i.e., participants have read the books written by these authors) appears to be a better indicator of print exposure than the superficial recognition of the author names. Conclusions: Taken together, this work filled in the gap in the literature by providing an evidence‐based, objective print exposure measure for simplified Chinese and contributes to a broader understanding of print exposure and online reading processing across different writing systems. Highlights: What is already known about this topicIndividuals' print exposure correlates with reading ability across languages, including Chinese.An author recognition test (ART) is commonly used to measure readers' objective print exposure across languages.ART scores predict offline reading performances across languages and online reading processing in readers of English. What this paper addsThe simplified Chinese ART developed here works well for readers of simplified Chinese, with the largest reader population worldwide.Deep knowledge in author recognition reflects print exposure better than does surface knowledge.ART scores also predict online reading processing in the case of Chinese. Implications for theory, policy or practiceThe simplified Chinese ART is now available for future researchers and practitioners.Future researchers may also consider assessing deep print knowledge in their ARTs.The simplified Chinese ART provides a cost‐effective way to estimate readers' online reading processing and patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Research in Reading is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Development and validation of the simplified Chinese Author Recognition Test: Evidence from eye movements of Chinese adults in Mainland China.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Su%2C+Yongqiang%22">Su, Yongqiang</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Yixun%22">Li, Yixun</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Hong%22">Li, Hong</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Research+in+Reading%22">Journal of Research in Reading</searchLink>. Feb2024, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p20-44. 25p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chinese+authors%22">Chinese authors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Eye+movements%22">Eye movements</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Short-term+memory%22">Short-term memory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+%26+languages%22">Language & languages</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reading%22">Reading</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: It is well evident that individuals' levels of print exposure are significantly correlated with their reading ability across languages, and an author recognition test is commonly used to measure print exposure objectively. For the first time, the current work developed and validated a Simplified Chinese Author Recognition Test (SCART) and examined its role in explaining Chinese online reading. Methods: In Study 1, we constructed the SCART for readers of simplified Chinese and validated the test using data collected from 203 young adults in Mainland China. Participants were measured on the SCART and three self‐report tasks about their reading experiences and habits. Study 2 recruited additional 68 young adults in Mainland and measured their print exposure (with the same tasks used in Study 1), reading‐related cognitive ability (working memory, rapid automatic naming, Chinese character reading, and vocabulary knowledge), and Chinese online reading via an eye‐tracking passage reading task. Results: Results of Study 1 support the high reliability and validity of the SCART. Results of Study 2 indicate that SCART scores significantly predicted participants' online reading processing while controlling for subjective reading experiences and habits, and reading‐related cognitive abilities. Across two studies, we found converging evidence that the in‐depth recognition of the authors (i.e., participants have read the books written by these authors) appears to be a better indicator of print exposure than the superficial recognition of the author names. Conclusions: Taken together, this work filled in the gap in the literature by providing an evidence‐based, objective print exposure measure for simplified Chinese and contributes to a broader understanding of print exposure and online reading processing across different writing systems. Highlights: What is already known about this topicIndividuals' print exposure correlates with reading ability across languages, including Chinese.An author recognition test (ART) is commonly used to measure readers' objective print exposure across languages.ART scores predict offline reading performances across languages and online reading processing in readers of English. What this paper addsThe simplified Chinese ART developed here works well for readers of simplified Chinese, with the largest reader population worldwide.Deep knowledge in author recognition reflects print exposure better than does surface knowledge.ART scores also predict online reading processing in the case of Chinese. Implications for theory, policy or practiceThe simplified Chinese ART is now available for future researchers and practitioners.Future researchers may also consider assessing deep print knowledge in their ARTs.The simplified Chinese ART provides a cost‐effective way to estimate readers' online reading processing and patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Research in Reading is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1111/1467-9817.12437
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 25
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      – SubjectFull: Chinese authors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Eye movements
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Short-term memory
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      – SubjectFull: Language & languages
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      – SubjectFull: Reading
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      – TitleFull: Development and validation of the simplified Chinese Author Recognition Test: Evidence from eye movements of Chinese adults in Mainland China.
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            NameFull: Su, Yongqiang
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              M: 02
              Text: Feb2024
              Type: published
              Y: 2024
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