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Neural consequences of symptomatic convergence insufficiency: A small sample study.

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Title: Neural consequences of symptomatic convergence insufficiency: A small sample study.
Authors: Zeng, Yuxuan (AUTHOR), Oechslin, Tamara S. (AUTHOR), Widmer, Douglas E. (AUTHOR), Kulp, Marjean T. (AUTHOR), Fogt, Nicklaus (AUTHOR), Toole, Andrew (AUTHOR), Manning, Steven (AUTHOR), Osher, David E. (AUTHOR)
Source: Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics. May2024, Vol. 44 Issue 3, p537-545. 9p.
Abstract: Introduction: Convergence insufficiency (CI) is an oculomotor abnormality characterised by exophoria and inadequate convergence when focusing on nearby objects. CI has been shown to cause symptoms when reading. However, the downstream consequences on brain structure have yet to be investigated. Here, we investigated the neural consequences of symptomatic CI, focusing on the left arcuate fasciculus, a bundle of white matter fibres which supports reading ability and has been associated with reading deficits. Methods: We compared the arcuate fasciculus microstructure of participants with symptomatic CI versus normal binocular vision (NBV). Six CI participants and seven NBV controls were included in the analysis. All participants were scanned with 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and anatomical and diffusion‐weighted images were acquired. Diffusion‐weighted images were processed with TRACULA to identify the arcuate fasciculus in each participant and compute volume and radial diffusivity (RD). Results: Compared with NBV controls, those with symptomatic CI had significantly smaller arcuate fasciculi bilaterally (left: t = −3.21, p = 0.008; right: t = −3.29, p = 0.007), and lower RD in the left (t = −2.66, p = 0.02), but not the right (t = −0.81, p = 0.44, false discovery rate (FDR)‐corrected p > 0.05) arcuate fasciculus. Those with higher levels of reading symptoms had smaller arcuate fasciculi (r = −0.74, p = 0.004) with lower RD (r = −0.61, p = 0.03). Conclusions: These findings suggest that symptomatic CI may lead to microstructural changes in the arcuate fasciculus. Since it is highly unlikely that abnormalities in the arcuate fasciculus are the cause of the neuromuscular deficits in the eyes, we argue that these changes may be a potential neuroplastic consequence of disruptions in sustained reading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Neural consequences of symptomatic convergence insufficiency: A small sample study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zeng%2C+Yuxuan%22">Zeng, Yuxuan</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Oechslin%2C+Tamara+S%2E%22">Oechslin, Tamara S.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Widmer%2C+Douglas+E%2E%22">Widmer, Douglas E.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kulp%2C+Marjean+T%2E%22">Kulp, Marjean T.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fogt%2C+Nicklaus%22">Fogt, Nicklaus</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Toole%2C+Andrew%22">Toole, Andrew</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Manning%2C+Steven%22">Manning, Steven</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Osher%2C+David+E%2E%22">Osher, David E.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Ophthalmic+%26+Physiological+Optics%22">Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics</searchLink>. May2024, Vol. 44 Issue 3, p537-545. 9p.
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Introduction: Convergence insufficiency (CI) is an oculomotor abnormality characterised by exophoria and inadequate convergence when focusing on nearby objects. CI has been shown to cause symptoms when reading. However, the downstream consequences on brain structure have yet to be investigated. Here, we investigated the neural consequences of symptomatic CI, focusing on the left arcuate fasciculus, a bundle of white matter fibres which supports reading ability and has been associated with reading deficits. Methods: We compared the arcuate fasciculus microstructure of participants with symptomatic CI versus normal binocular vision (NBV). Six CI participants and seven NBV controls were included in the analysis. All participants were scanned with 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and anatomical and diffusion‐weighted images were acquired. Diffusion‐weighted images were processed with TRACULA to identify the arcuate fasciculus in each participant and compute volume and radial diffusivity (RD). Results: Compared with NBV controls, those with symptomatic CI had significantly smaller arcuate fasciculi bilaterally (left: t = −3.21, p = 0.008; right: t = −3.29, p = 0.007), and lower RD in the left (t = −2.66, p = 0.02), but not the right (t = −0.81, p = 0.44, false discovery rate (FDR)‐corrected p > 0.05) arcuate fasciculus. Those with higher levels of reading symptoms had smaller arcuate fasciculi (r = −0.74, p = 0.004) with lower RD (r = −0.61, p = 0.03). Conclusions: These findings suggest that symptomatic CI may lead to microstructural changes in the arcuate fasciculus. Since it is highly unlikely that abnormalities in the arcuate fasciculus are the cause of the neuromuscular deficits in the eyes, we argue that these changes may be a potential neuroplastic consequence of disruptions in sustained reading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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              Text: May2024
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