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Neural Correlates of Analogical Reasoning on Syntactic Patterns.

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Title: Neural Correlates of Analogical Reasoning on Syntactic Patterns.
Authors: Li, Zhongshan (AUTHOR), Zhou, Zhuqian (AUTHOR), Wang, Xiaoling (AUTHOR), Wu, Jinshan (AUTHOR), Chen, Luyao (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. May2024, Vol. 36 Issue 5, p854-871. 18p.
Subjects: Prefrontal cortex, Reasoning in children, Rank correlation (Statistics), Short-term memory, Agrammatism, Texture mapping, Statistical correlation
Abstract: Analogical reasoning is central to thought and learning. However, previous neuroscience studies have focused mainly on neural substrates for visuospatial and semantic analogies. There has not yet been research on the neural correlates of analogical reasoning on syntactic patterns generated by the syntactic rules, a key feature of human language faculty. The present investigation took an initial step to address this paucity. Twenty-four participants, whose brain activity was monitored by fMRI, engaged in first-order and second-order relational judgments of syntactic patterns as well as simple and complex working memory tasks. After scanning, participants rated the difficulty of each step during analogical reasoning; these ratings were related to signal intensities in activated regions of interest using Spearman correlation analyses. After prior research, differences in activation levels during second-order and first-order relational judgments were taken as evidence of analogical reasoning. These analyses showed that analogical reasoning on syntactic patterns recruited brain regions consistent with those supporting visuospatial and semantic analogies, including the anterior and posterior parts of the left middle frontal gyrus, anatomically corresponding to the left rostrolateral pFC and the left dorsolateral pFC. The correlation results further revealed that the posterior middle frontal gyrus might be involved in analogical access and mapping with syntactic patterns. Our study is the first to investigate the process of analogical reasoning on syntactic patterns at the neurobiological level and provide evidence of the specific functional roles of related regions during subprocesses of analogical reasoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience is the property of MIT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Neural Correlates of Analogical Reasoning on Syntactic Patterns.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Zhongshan%22">Li, Zhongshan</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhou%2C+Zhuqian%22">Zhou, Zhuqian</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Xiaoling%22">Wang, Xiaoling</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Jinshan%22">Wu, Jinshan</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Luyao%22">Chen, Luyao</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Cognitive+Neuroscience%22">Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience</searchLink>. May2024, Vol. 36 Issue 5, p854-871. 18p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Prefrontal+cortex%22">Prefrontal cortex</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reasoning+in+children%22">Reasoning in children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rank+correlation+%28Statistics%29%22">Rank correlation (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Short-term+memory%22">Short-term memory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Agrammatism%22">Agrammatism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Texture+mapping%22">Texture mapping</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+correlation%22">Statistical correlation</searchLink>
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  Data: Analogical reasoning is central to thought and learning. However, previous neuroscience studies have focused mainly on neural substrates for visuospatial and semantic analogies. There has not yet been research on the neural correlates of analogical reasoning on syntactic patterns generated by the syntactic rules, a key feature of human language faculty. The present investigation took an initial step to address this paucity. Twenty-four participants, whose brain activity was monitored by fMRI, engaged in first-order and second-order relational judgments of syntactic patterns as well as simple and complex working memory tasks. After scanning, participants rated the difficulty of each step during analogical reasoning; these ratings were related to signal intensities in activated regions of interest using Spearman correlation analyses. After prior research, differences in activation levels during second-order and first-order relational judgments were taken as evidence of analogical reasoning. These analyses showed that analogical reasoning on syntactic patterns recruited brain regions consistent with those supporting visuospatial and semantic analogies, including the anterior and posterior parts of the left middle frontal gyrus, anatomically corresponding to the left rostrolateral pFC and the left dorsolateral pFC. The correlation results further revealed that the posterior middle frontal gyrus might be involved in analogical access and mapping with syntactic patterns. Our study is the first to investigate the process of analogical reasoning on syntactic patterns at the neurobiological level and provide evidence of the specific functional roles of related regions during subprocesses of analogical reasoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience is the property of MIT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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            NameFull: Li, Zhongshan
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              M: 05
              Text: May2024
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