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Rumination mediates associations between microaggressions and sleep quality in Black Americans: the toll of racial microstressors.

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Title: Rumination mediates associations between microaggressions and sleep quality in Black Americans: the toll of racial microstressors.
Authors: Wilson, Elizabeth J., Primgaard, Anahi R., Hambrick, Erin P., Marszalek, Jacob M., Berkley-Patton, Jannette, Nilsson, Johanna E., Bennett, Kymberley K.
Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine. Jun2024, Vol. 47 Issue 3, p515-530. 16p.
Subjects: African Americans, Cross-sectional method, Research funding, T-test (Statistics), Questionnaires, Rumination (Cognition), Descriptive statistics, Racism, Surveys, Statistics, Discrimination (Sociology), Sleep quality, Data analysis software, Confidence intervals, Microaggressions
Geographic Terms: United States
Abstract: Disparities in health outcomes between Black and White Americans are well-documented, including sleep quality, and disparities in sleep may lead to disparities in health over the life course. A meta-model indicates that cognitive processes may underly the connection between race and poor sleep quality, and ultimately, health disparities. That is, there are race-specific stressors that disproportionately affect Black Americans, which are associated with poor health through biological, cognitive, and behavioral mechanisms (e.g., sleep). Among these race-specific stressors is discrimination, which has been linked to poor sleep quality, and there is a body of literature connecting perseverative cognition (e.g., rumination and worry or vigilance) to poor sleep. Microaggressions, a more subtle but pervasive form of discrimination, are another race-specific stressor. Although less research has considered the connection of microaggressions to perseverative cognition, there are some studies linking microaggressions to health outcomes and sleep. Therefore, using a cross-sectional survey, we tested the following hypotheses: racism-related vigilance and rumination would mediate the relationship between discrimination and poor sleep as well as between microaggressions and poor sleep among Black Americans (N = 223; mean age = 35.77 years, 53.8% men, 86% employed, 66.8% with college degree or higher education). Results of seven parallel mediation models showed that neither rumination nor racism-related vigilance mediated a relationship between discrimination and poor sleep quality. However, rumination partially mediated relationships between the six microaggression sub-scales and poor sleep quality: there were significant indirect effects for Foreigner/Not Belonging (β =.13, SE = 0.03, 95% CI 0.08, 0.20), Criminality (β =.11, SE = 0.03, 95% CI 0.05, 0.17), Sexualization (β =.10, SE = 0.03, 95% CI 0.05, 0.17), Low-Achieving/Undesirable (β =.10, SE = 0.03, 95% CI 0.05, 0.15), Invisibility (β =.15, SE = 0.04, 95% CI 0.08, 0.23), and Environmental Invalidations (β =.15, SE = 0.04, 95% CI 0.08, 0.23). Overall, these findings indicate support for the meta-model, demonstrating a specific pathway from racial microstressors to poor sleep quality. Furthermore, these results suggest the importance of developing clinical and community approaches to address the impact of microaggressions on Black Americans' sleep quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Behavioral Medicine is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Rumination mediates associations between microaggressions and sleep quality in Black Americans: the toll of racial microstressors.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Behavioral+Medicine%22">Journal of Behavioral Medicine</searchLink>. Jun2024, Vol. 47 Issue 3, p515-530. 16p.
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  Data: Disparities in health outcomes between Black and White Americans are well-documented, including sleep quality, and disparities in sleep may lead to disparities in health over the life course. A meta-model indicates that cognitive processes may underly the connection between race and poor sleep quality, and ultimately, health disparities. That is, there are race-specific stressors that disproportionately affect Black Americans, which are associated with poor health through biological, cognitive, and behavioral mechanisms (e.g., sleep). Among these race-specific stressors is discrimination, which has been linked to poor sleep quality, and there is a body of literature connecting perseverative cognition (e.g., rumination and worry or vigilance) to poor sleep. Microaggressions, a more subtle but pervasive form of discrimination, are another race-specific stressor. Although less research has considered the connection of microaggressions to perseverative cognition, there are some studies linking microaggressions to health outcomes and sleep. Therefore, using a cross-sectional survey, we tested the following hypotheses: racism-related vigilance and rumination would mediate the relationship between discrimination and poor sleep as well as between microaggressions and poor sleep among Black Americans (N = 223; mean age = 35.77 years, 53.8% men, 86% employed, 66.8% with college degree or higher education). Results of seven parallel mediation models showed that neither rumination nor racism-related vigilance mediated a relationship between discrimination and poor sleep quality. However, rumination partially mediated relationships between the six microaggression sub-scales and poor sleep quality: there were significant indirect effects for Foreigner/Not Belonging (β =.13, SE = 0.03, 95% CI 0.08, 0.20), Criminality (β =.11, SE = 0.03, 95% CI 0.05, 0.17), Sexualization (β =.10, SE = 0.03, 95% CI 0.05, 0.17), Low-Achieving/Undesirable (β =.10, SE = 0.03, 95% CI 0.05, 0.15), Invisibility (β =.15, SE = 0.04, 95% CI 0.08, 0.23), and Environmental Invalidations (β =.15, SE = 0.04, 95% CI 0.08, 0.23). Overall, these findings indicate support for the meta-model, demonstrating a specific pathway from racial microstressors to poor sleep quality. Furthermore, these results suggest the importance of developing clinical and community approaches to address the impact of microaggressions on Black Americans' sleep quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Behavioral Medicine is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s10865-023-00464-0
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        StartPage: 515
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: African Americans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cross-sectional method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: T-test (Statistics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rumination (Cognition)
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      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Racism
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      – SubjectFull: Surveys
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      – SubjectFull: Statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Discrimination (Sociology)
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      – SubjectFull: Sleep quality
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      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
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      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
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      – SubjectFull: Microaggressions
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      – SubjectFull: United States
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      – TitleFull: Rumination mediates associations between microaggressions and sleep quality in Black Americans: the toll of racial microstressors.
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              M: 06
              Text: Jun2024
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              Y: 2024
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