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Depression is associated with reduced outcome sensitivity in a dual valence, magnitude learning task.

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Title: Depression is associated with reduced outcome sensitivity in a dual valence, magnitude learning task.
Authors: Pulcu, Erdem, Lin, Wanjun, Han, Sungwon, Browning, Michael
Source: Psychological Medicine. Feb2024, Vol. 54 Issue 3, p631-636. 6p.
Subjects: Biological models, Reinforcement (Psychology), Task performance, Research funding, Anxiety, Descriptive statistics, Severity of illness index, Reward (Psychology), Anhedonia, Punishment, Learning strategies, Mental depression, Symptoms
Abstract: Background: Learning from rewarded and punished choices is perturbed in depressed patients, suggesting that abnormal reinforcement learning may be a cognitive mechanism of the illness. However, previous studies have disagreed about whether this behavior is produced by alterations in the rate of learning or sensitivity to experienced outcomes. This previous work has generally assessed learning in response to binary outcomes of one valence, rather than to both rewarding and punishing continuous outcomes. Methods: A novel drifting reward and punishment magnitude reinforcement-learning task was administered to patients with current (n = 40) and remitted depression (n = 39), and healthy volunteers (n = 40) to capture potential differences in learning behavior. Standard questionnaires were administered to measure self-reported depressive symptom severity, trait and state anxiety and level of anhedonic symptoms. Results: Our findings demonstrate that patients with current depression adjust their learning behaviors to a lesser degree in response to trial-by-trial variations in reward and loss magnitudes than the other groups. Computational modeling revealed that this behavioral signature of current depressive state is better accounted for by reduced reward and punishment sensitivity (all p < 0.031), rather than a change in learning rate (p = 0.708). However, between-group differences were not related to self-reported symptom severity or comorbid anxiety disorders in the current depression group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that current depression is associated with reduced outcome sensitivity rather than altered learning rate. Previous findings reported in this domain mainly from binary learning tasks seem to generalize to learning from continuous outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Depression is associated with reduced outcome sensitivity in a dual valence, magnitude learning task.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Psychological+Medicine%22&quot;&gt;Psychological Medicine&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Feb2024, Vol. 54 Issue 3, p631-636. 6p.
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  Data: Background: Learning from rewarded and punished choices is perturbed in depressed patients, suggesting that abnormal reinforcement learning may be a cognitive mechanism of the illness. However, previous studies have disagreed about whether this behavior is produced by alterations in the rate of learning or sensitivity to experienced outcomes. This previous work has generally assessed learning in response to binary outcomes of one valence, rather than to both rewarding and punishing continuous outcomes. Methods: A novel drifting reward and punishment magnitude reinforcement-learning task was administered to patients with current (n = 40) and remitted depression (n = 39), and healthy volunteers (n = 40) to capture potential differences in learning behavior. Standard questionnaires were administered to measure self-reported depressive symptom severity, trait and state anxiety and level of anhedonic symptoms. Results: Our findings demonstrate that patients with current depression adjust their learning behaviors to a lesser degree in response to trial-by-trial variations in reward and loss magnitudes than the other groups. Computational modeling revealed that this behavioral signature of current depressive state is better accounted for by reduced reward and punishment sensitivity (all p &lt; 0.031), rather than a change in learning rate (p = 0.708). However, between-group differences were not related to self-reported symptom severity or comorbid anxiety disorders in the current depression group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that current depression is associated with reduced outcome sensitivity rather than altered learning rate. Previous findings reported in this domain mainly from binary learning tasks seem to generalize to learning from continuous outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=176758336
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1017/S0033291723002520
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 6
        StartPage: 631
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Biological models
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Reinforcement (Psychology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Task performance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anxiety
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Severity of illness index
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      – SubjectFull: Reward (Psychology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anhedonia
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      – SubjectFull: Punishment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Learning strategies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mental depression
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Symptoms
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Depression is associated with reduced outcome sensitivity in a dual valence, magnitude learning task.
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            NameFull: Pulcu, Erdem
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            NameFull: Lin, Wanjun
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            NameFull: Han, Sungwon
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              M: 02
              Text: Feb2024
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              Y: 2024
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