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Police shootings, violent crime, race and socio‐economic factors in municipalities in the United States of America.

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Title: Police shootings, violent crime, race and socio‐economic factors in municipalities in the United States of America.
Authors: Henderson, Howard (AUTHOR), Bourgeois, Jennifer Wyatt (AUTHOR), Smith, Sven (AUTHOR), Ferguson, Christopher J. (AUTHOR), Barthelemy, Juan (AUTHOR)
Source: Criminal Behaviour & Mental Health. Jun2024, Vol. 34 Issue 3, p296-310. 15p.
Subjects: Shootings (Crime), Violent crimes, Police shootings, Killings by police, Social factors
Abstract: Background: Both police shootings and violent crime remain high in the United States of America compared to other developed nations but debates continue about whether race, mental health or other social factors are related to them. Aims: Our aim was to test relationships between community factors indicative of socio‐economic status, racial demographics, police shootings, and violent crime. Methods: Data on police shootings, violent crime and community sociodemographic factors were drawn from two publicly accessible datasets: health and police records of 100 US municipalities and relationships between them explored using regression analyses. Results: Data were from the 100 largest US municipalities as designated by the mapping police violence database. The median per capital violent crime rate was 5.94 and median killings by police per 10 thousand arrests was 13.7. Violent crime was found to be related mainly to income inequality and lower academic achievement in the community. Race was unrelated to violent crime after controlling for other factors. Police shootings were found to be related to community level mental health concerns, food insecurity and the municipality's violent crime rate. Conclusion: The evidence suggests that socio‐economic factors are the primary drivers of both violent crime perpetration and police shootings. Policy approaches aimed at improving education and reducing poverty are likely to mitigate both violent crime and police shootings. However, it is important to recognise that being Black is an indicator of particular disadvantage within this context. This underscores the need for comprehensive strategies that address the systemic issues of racial disparities and socio‐economic inequality, while also acknowledging the complex interplay of race, poverty and policing in the context of violent crime and police shootings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Criminal Behaviour & Mental Health is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Police shootings, violent crime, race and socio‐economic factors in municipalities in the United States of America.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Criminal+Behaviour+%26+Mental+Health%22">Criminal Behaviour & Mental Health</searchLink>. Jun2024, Vol. 34 Issue 3, p296-310. 15p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Shootings+%28Crime%29%22">Shootings (Crime)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Violent+crimes%22">Violent crimes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Police+shootings%22">Police shootings</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Killings+by+police%22">Killings by police</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+factors%22">Social factors</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Background: Both police shootings and violent crime remain high in the United States of America compared to other developed nations but debates continue about whether race, mental health or other social factors are related to them. Aims: Our aim was to test relationships between community factors indicative of socio‐economic status, racial demographics, police shootings, and violent crime. Methods: Data on police shootings, violent crime and community sociodemographic factors were drawn from two publicly accessible datasets: health and police records of 100 US municipalities and relationships between them explored using regression analyses. Results: Data were from the 100 largest US municipalities as designated by the mapping police violence database. The median per capital violent crime rate was 5.94 and median killings by police per 10 thousand arrests was 13.7. Violent crime was found to be related mainly to income inequality and lower academic achievement in the community. Race was unrelated to violent crime after controlling for other factors. Police shootings were found to be related to community level mental health concerns, food insecurity and the municipality's violent crime rate. Conclusion: The evidence suggests that socio‐economic factors are the primary drivers of both violent crime perpetration and police shootings. Policy approaches aimed at improving education and reducing poverty are likely to mitigate both violent crime and police shootings. However, it is important to recognise that being Black is an indicator of particular disadvantage within this context. This underscores the need for comprehensive strategies that address the systemic issues of racial disparities and socio‐economic inequality, while also acknowledging the complex interplay of race, poverty and policing in the context of violent crime and police shootings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Criminal Behaviour & Mental Health is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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              Text: Jun2024
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