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Visual pigment concentration and photoreceptor outer segment length in the human retina.

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Title: Visual pigment concentration and photoreceptor outer segment length in the human retina.
Authors: Pattni, Krishna (AUTHOR), Wood, Ashley (AUTHOR), Cassels, Nicola (AUTHOR), Margrain, Tom (AUTHOR)
Source: Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics. Jul2024, Vol. 44 Issue 5, p917-924. 8p.
Subjects: Visual pigments, Photoreceptors, Beer-Lambert law, Molarity, Retina
Abstract: Purpose: The Beer–Lambert law suggests that visual pigment optical density (OD) should be linearly related to the length of photoreceptor outer segments (POSs). Mammalian studies indicate that visual pigment concentration increases with POS length, but the nature of this relationship may vary due to factors such as visual pigment packing density or retinal eccentricity, and may not necessarily be linearly related. The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between OD and POS length in humans. Methods: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to image POS, and imaging retinal densitometry (IRD) was used to measure OD at corresponding locations in 19 healthy participants (age range 25–82 years). POS length and OD measurements were extracted from OCT and IRD images at 23 discrete locations spanning the central 9° of the retina. The averaged data from all participants were fitted with models based on the Beer–Lambert law to establish the relationship between OD and POS length. Results: Visual pigment OD increased monotonically with POS length, but the relationship was non‐linear, and a straight‐line fit, based on a simple interpretation of the Beer–Lambert law, provided a poor description. A model allowing for different rod and cone visual pigment concentrations provided a superior fit. Specifically, the data were well described by a model where the molar concentration of visual pigment in cones and rods were 3.8 × 10−3 mol/L and 1.8 × 10−3mol/L, respectively. Conclusions: In accordance with the Beer–Lambert law, the results indicate that OD increases monotonically with POS length in humans, but the precise relationship is dependent on photoreceptor type. These results suggest that visual pigment concentration in rods is only about 48% of that found in cones. This may be due to the ubiquitous nature of artificial light that works to reduce the concentration of rhodopsin in rod photoreceptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Visual pigment concentration and photoreceptor outer segment length in the human retina.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pattni%2C+Krishna%22">Pattni, Krishna</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wood%2C+Ashley%22">Wood, Ashley</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cassels%2C+Nicola%22">Cassels, Nicola</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Margrain%2C+Tom%22">Margrain, Tom</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Ophthalmic+%26+Physiological+Optics%22">Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics</searchLink>. Jul2024, Vol. 44 Issue 5, p917-924. 8p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Visual+pigments%22">Visual pigments</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photoreceptors%22">Photoreceptors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Beer-Lambert+law%22">Beer-Lambert law</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Molarity%22">Molarity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Retina%22">Retina</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Purpose: The Beer–Lambert law suggests that visual pigment optical density (OD) should be linearly related to the length of photoreceptor outer segments (POSs). Mammalian studies indicate that visual pigment concentration increases with POS length, but the nature of this relationship may vary due to factors such as visual pigment packing density or retinal eccentricity, and may not necessarily be linearly related. The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between OD and POS length in humans. Methods: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to image POS, and imaging retinal densitometry (IRD) was used to measure OD at corresponding locations in 19 healthy participants (age range 25–82 years). POS length and OD measurements were extracted from OCT and IRD images at 23 discrete locations spanning the central 9° of the retina. The averaged data from all participants were fitted with models based on the Beer–Lambert law to establish the relationship between OD and POS length. Results: Visual pigment OD increased monotonically with POS length, but the relationship was non‐linear, and a straight‐line fit, based on a simple interpretation of the Beer–Lambert law, provided a poor description. A model allowing for different rod and cone visual pigment concentrations provided a superior fit. Specifically, the data were well described by a model where the molar concentration of visual pigment in cones and rods were 3.8 × 10−3 mol/L and 1.8 × 10−3mol/L, respectively. Conclusions: In accordance with the Beer–Lambert law, the results indicate that OD increases monotonically with POS length in humans, but the precise relationship is dependent on photoreceptor type. These results suggest that visual pigment concentration in rods is only about 48% of that found in cones. This may be due to the ubiquitous nature of artificial light that works to reduce the concentration of rhodopsin in rod photoreceptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1111/opo.13307
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        Text: English
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        Type: general
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      – SubjectFull: Beer-Lambert law
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      – SubjectFull: Retina
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            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: Jul2024
              Type: published
              Y: 2024
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