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Hyposmia correlates with axial signs and gait disorder in Parkinson's disease: an Italian Olfactory Identification Test study.

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Title: Hyposmia correlates with axial signs and gait disorder in Parkinson's disease: an Italian Olfactory Identification Test study.
Authors: Tambasco, Nicola (AUTHOR), Mechelli, Alessandro (AUTHOR), Nigro, Pasquale (AUTHOR), Simoni, Simone (AUTHOR), Paolini Paoletti, Federico (AUTHOR), Eusebi, Paolo (AUTHOR), Brahimi, Elona (AUTHOR), Maremmani, Carlo (AUTHOR), Parnetti, Lucilla (AUTHOR)
Source: Neurological Sciences. Aug2024, Vol. 45 Issue 8, p3791-3798. 8p.
Subjects: Smell disorders, Parkinson's disease, Gait disorders, Disease duration, Camptocormia, Older patients
Abstract: Background: Olfactory dysfunction is a non-motor symptom and an important biomarker of Parkinson's disease (PD) because of its high prevalence (> 90%). Whether hyposmia correlates with motor symptoms is unclear. In the present study, we aim to investigate the relationship between olfactory impairment with both motor and non-motor features and disease variables (disease duration, stage, and severity). Methods: One-hundred fifty-four PD patients were evaluated. Odor identification ability was tested using Italian Olfactory Identification Test (IOIT). A comprehensive spectrum of motor and non-motor features was assessed. Cognitive function was investigated through MMSE. Patients were divided into 3 different clinical phenotypes using UPDRS-III: tremor-dominant type (TDT), akinetic-rigid type (ART), and mixed type (MXT). Results: Three of the 33 IOIT items were most frequently misidentified: basil (74.3%), coffee (66.9%), and mushroom (59.6%). Hyposmia was found in 93%. Hyposmic patients were older than controls (p = 0.01). Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) score of 2 or greater was associated with higher probability of being hyposmic (OR = 5.2, p = 0.01). IOIT score did not significantly differ between TDT, ART, and MXT of analyzed PD patients. Performance to IOIT inversely correlated with age (p < 0.01), disease duration (p = 0.01), and H&Y score of 2 or higher (p < 0.01). Clinical features that associated with higher IOIT score were freezing of gait (FOG) (p < 0.001) and camptocormia (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In our cohort, IOIT scores showed a positive correlation with axial motor signs, but not with non-motor symptoms. IOIT may be a useful tool not only for supporting PD diagnosis but also for providing prognostic information about motor function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Neurological Sciences is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Hyposmia correlates with axial signs and gait disorder in Parkinson&#39;s disease: an Italian Olfactory Identification Test study.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Tambasco%2C+Nicola%22&quot;&gt;Tambasco, Nicola&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Mechelli%2C+Alessandro%22&quot;&gt;Mechelli, Alessandro&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Nigro%2C+Pasquale%22&quot;&gt;Nigro, Pasquale&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Simoni%2C+Simone%22&quot;&gt;Simoni, Simone&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Paolini+Paoletti%2C+Federico%22&quot;&gt;Paolini Paoletti, Federico&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Eusebi%2C+Paolo%22&quot;&gt;Eusebi, Paolo&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Brahimi%2C+Elona%22&quot;&gt;Brahimi, Elona&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Maremmani%2C+Carlo%22&quot;&gt;Maremmani, Carlo&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Parnetti%2C+Lucilla%22&quot;&gt;Parnetti, Lucilla&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Neurological+Sciences%22&quot;&gt;Neurological Sciences&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Aug2024, Vol. 45 Issue 8, p3791-3798. 8p.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Smell+disorders%22&quot;&gt;Smell disorders&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Parkinson&#39;s+disease%22&quot;&gt;Parkinson&#39;s disease&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Gait+disorders%22&quot;&gt;Gait disorders&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Disease+duration%22&quot;&gt;Disease duration&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Camptocormia%22&quot;&gt;Camptocormia&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Older+patients%22&quot;&gt;Older patients&lt;/searchLink&gt;
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Olfactory dysfunction is a non-motor symptom and an important biomarker of Parkinson&#39;s disease (PD) because of its high prevalence (&gt; 90%). Whether hyposmia correlates with motor symptoms is unclear. In the present study, we aim to investigate the relationship between olfactory impairment with both motor and non-motor features and disease variables (disease duration, stage, and severity). Methods: One-hundred fifty-four PD patients were evaluated. Odor identification ability was tested using Italian Olfactory Identification Test (IOIT). A comprehensive spectrum of motor and non-motor features was assessed. Cognitive function was investigated through MMSE. Patients were divided into 3 different clinical phenotypes using UPDRS-III: tremor-dominant type (TDT), akinetic-rigid type (ART), and mixed type (MXT). Results: Three of the 33 IOIT items were most frequently misidentified: basil (74.3%), coffee (66.9%), and mushroom (59.6%). Hyposmia was found in 93%. Hyposmic patients were older than controls (p = 0.01). Hoehn &amp; Yahr (H&amp;Y) score of 2 or greater was associated with higher probability of being hyposmic (OR = 5.2, p = 0.01). IOIT score did not significantly differ between TDT, ART, and MXT of analyzed PD patients. Performance to IOIT inversely correlated with age (p &lt; 0.01), disease duration (p = 0.01), and H&amp;Y score of 2 or higher (p &lt; 0.01). Clinical features that associated with higher IOIT score were freezing of gait (FOG) (p &lt; 0.001) and camptocormia (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: In our cohort, IOIT scores showed a positive correlation with axial motor signs, but not with non-motor symptoms. IOIT may be a useful tool not only for supporting PD diagnosis but also for providing prognostic information about motor function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Neurological Sciences is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s10072-024-07462-3
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Smell disorders
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              Text: Aug2024
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