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Duration of face mask exposure matters: evidence from Swiss and Brazilian kindergartners' ability to recognise emotions.

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Title: Duration of face mask exposure matters: evidence from Swiss and Brazilian kindergartners' ability to recognise emotions.
Authors: Ger, Ebru (AUTHOR), Manfredi, Mirella (AUTHOR), Osório, Ana Alexandra Caldas (AUTHOR), Ribeiro, Camila Fragoso (AUTHOR), Almeida, Alessandra (AUTHOR), Güdel, Annika (AUTHOR), Calbi, Marta (AUTHOR), Daum, Moritz M. (AUTHOR)
Source: Cognition & Emotion. Sep2024, Vol. 38 Issue 6, p857-871. 15p.
Subjects: COVID-19 pandemic, Kindergarten children, Facial expression & emotions (Psychology), Brazilians, Medical masks, Emotion recognition, Facial expression
Abstract: Wearing facial masks became a common practice worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated (1) whether facial masks that cover adult faces affect 4- to 6-year-old children's recognition of emotions in those faces and (2) whether the duration of children's exposure to masks is associated with emotion recognition. We tested children from Switzerland (N = 38) and Brazil (N = 41). Brazil represented longer mask exposure due to a stricter mandate during COVID-19. Children had to choose a face displaying a specific emotion (happy, angry, or sad) when the face wore either no cover, a facial mask, or sunglasses. The longer hours of mask exposure were associated with better emotion recognition. Controlling for the hours of exposure, children were less likely to recognise emotions in partially hideen faces. Moreover, Brazilian children were more accurate in recognising happy faces than Swiss children. Overall, facial masks may negatively impact children's emotion recognition. However, prolonged exposure appears to buffer the lack of facial cues from the nose and mouth. In conclusion, restricting facial cues due to masks may impair kindergarten children's emotion recognition in the short run. However, it may facilitate their broader reading of facial emotional cues in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Cognition & Emotion is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Duration of face mask exposure matters: evidence from Swiss and Brazilian kindergartners' ability to recognise emotions.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ger%2C+Ebru%22">Ger, Ebru</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Manfredi%2C+Mirella%22">Manfredi, Mirella</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Osório%2C+Ana+Alexandra+Caldas%22">Osório, Ana Alexandra Caldas</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ribeiro%2C+Camila+Fragoso%22">Ribeiro, Camila Fragoso</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Almeida%2C+Alessandra%22">Almeida, Alessandra</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Güdel%2C+Annika%22">Güdel, Annika</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Calbi%2C+Marta%22">Calbi, Marta</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Daum%2C+Moritz+M%2E%22">Daum, Moritz M.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Cognition+%26+Emotion%22">Cognition & Emotion</searchLink>. Sep2024, Vol. 38 Issue 6, p857-871. 15p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22COVID-19+pandemic%22">COVID-19 pandemic</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Kindergarten+children%22">Kindergarten children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Facial+expression+%26+emotions+%28Psychology%29%22">Facial expression & emotions (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Brazilians%22">Brazilians</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+masks%22">Medical masks</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emotion+recognition%22">Emotion recognition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Facial+expression%22">Facial expression</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Wearing facial masks became a common practice worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated (1) whether facial masks that cover adult faces affect 4- to 6-year-old children's recognition of emotions in those faces and (2) whether the duration of children's exposure to masks is associated with emotion recognition. We tested children from Switzerland (N = 38) and Brazil (N = 41). Brazil represented longer mask exposure due to a stricter mandate during COVID-19. Children had to choose a face displaying a specific emotion (happy, angry, or sad) when the face wore either no cover, a facial mask, or sunglasses. The longer hours of mask exposure were associated with better emotion recognition. Controlling for the hours of exposure, children were less likely to recognise emotions in partially hideen faces. Moreover, Brazilian children were more accurate in recognising happy faces than Swiss children. Overall, facial masks may negatively impact children's emotion recognition. However, prolonged exposure appears to buffer the lack of facial cues from the nose and mouth. In conclusion, restricting facial cues due to masks may impair kindergarten children's emotion recognition in the short run. However, it may facilitate their broader reading of facial emotional cues in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Cognition & Emotion is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2331795
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 15
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      – SubjectFull: COVID-19 pandemic
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Kindergarten children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Facial expression & emotions (Psychology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Brazilians
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Medical masks
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Emotion recognition
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Facial expression
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Duration of face mask exposure matters: evidence from Swiss and Brazilian kindergartners' ability to recognise emotions.
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            – D: 01
              M: 09
              Text: Sep2024
              Type: published
              Y: 2024
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