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What Explains the Link Between Hearing and Vision Impairment and Cognitive Function? Analysis of Mediating Effects in the USA, England and Ireland.

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Title: What Explains the Link Between Hearing and Vision Impairment and Cognitive Function? Analysis of Mediating Effects in the USA, England and Ireland.
Authors: Matthews, Katey, Dawes, Piers, Elliot, Rebecca, Maharani, Asri, Pendleton, Neil, Tampubolon, Gindo
Source: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. Sep2024, Vol. 39 Issue 9, p1-11. 11p.
Subjects: Elder care, Cross-sectional method, Cognitive testing, Vision disorders, Research funding, Episodic memory, Questionnaires, Sedentary lifestyles, Structural equation modeling, Hearing disorders, Factor analysis, Social participation, Mental depression
Geographic Terms: England, Ireland, United States
Abstract: Objectives: Hearing and vision impairments are associated with cognitive decline and dementia risk. Explanations for this include age‐related processes impacting on sensory and cognitive function (common cause), or sensory impairments having a direct or indirect impact on cognition via social engagement, depression and physical activity (cascade). We tested whether associations between hearing, vision and episodic memory were mediated by allostatic load, social engagement, depression and physical activity. Methods: We used structural equation modelling with cross‐sectional data from the USA (n = 4746, aged 50–101), England (n = 4907, aged 50–89) and Ireland (4292, aged 50–80) to model factors related to the common cause (indexed by allostatic load) and the cascade hypothesis with respect to cognitive ability (episodic memory). Results: Poorer hearing/vision was associated with lower social engagement, depression and sedentary lifestyle. Poor vision was not related to allostatic load, and poor hearing was associated with allostatic load in only one data set, contributing to a common‐cause hypothesis. Lower social engagement, depression and a sedentary lifestyle were associated with poorer episodic memory, contributing to the cascade hypothesis. Using effect estimates to calculate the proportion of the total effects mediated by the combined mediator variables, up to two fifths of the relationship between hearing and vision with episodic memory can be explained by the mediators. Conclusions: The association between hearing, vision and episodic memory is mediated by allostatic load, social engagement, depression, and physical activity. The finding that social engagement, depression, and physical activity mediate the association between sensory abilities and cognitive function supported the cascade hypotheses. Interventions to improve healthy lifestyle, reduce depression and foster social engagement of older people with sensory impairments are likely to be beneficial in preventing cognitive decline and dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: What Explains the Link Between Hearing and Vision Impairment and Cognitive Function? Analysis of Mediating Effects in the USA, England and Ireland.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Matthews%2C+Katey%22">Matthews, Katey</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dawes%2C+Piers%22">Dawes, Piers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Elliot%2C+Rebecca%22">Elliot, Rebecca</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Maharani%2C+Asri%22">Maharani, Asri</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pendleton%2C+Neil%22">Pendleton, Neil</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tampubolon%2C+Gindo%22">Tampubolon, Gindo</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Geriatric+Psychiatry%22">International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry</searchLink>. Sep2024, Vol. 39 Issue 9, p1-11. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elder+care%22">Elder care</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cross-sectional+method%22">Cross-sectional method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+testing%22">Cognitive testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vision+disorders%22">Vision disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Episodic+memory%22">Episodic memory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sedentary+lifestyles%22">Sedentary lifestyles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Structural+equation+modeling%22">Structural equation modeling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hearing+disorders%22">Hearing disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Factor+analysis%22">Factor analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+participation%22">Social participation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+depression%22">Mental depression</searchLink>
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  Label: Geographic Terms
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22England%22">England</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ireland%22">Ireland</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+States%22">United States</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Objectives: Hearing and vision impairments are associated with cognitive decline and dementia risk. Explanations for this include age‐related processes impacting on sensory and cognitive function (common cause), or sensory impairments having a direct or indirect impact on cognition via social engagement, depression and physical activity (cascade). We tested whether associations between hearing, vision and episodic memory were mediated by allostatic load, social engagement, depression and physical activity. Methods: We used structural equation modelling with cross‐sectional data from the USA (n = 4746, aged 50–101), England (n = 4907, aged 50–89) and Ireland (4292, aged 50–80) to model factors related to the common cause (indexed by allostatic load) and the cascade hypothesis with respect to cognitive ability (episodic memory). Results: Poorer hearing/vision was associated with lower social engagement, depression and sedentary lifestyle. Poor vision was not related to allostatic load, and poor hearing was associated with allostatic load in only one data set, contributing to a common‐cause hypothesis. Lower social engagement, depression and a sedentary lifestyle were associated with poorer episodic memory, contributing to the cascade hypothesis. Using effect estimates to calculate the proportion of the total effects mediated by the combined mediator variables, up to two fifths of the relationship between hearing and vision with episodic memory can be explained by the mediators. Conclusions: The association between hearing, vision and episodic memory is mediated by allostatic load, social engagement, depression, and physical activity. The finding that social engagement, depression, and physical activity mediate the association between sensory abilities and cognitive function supported the cascade hypotheses. Interventions to improve healthy lifestyle, reduce depression and foster social engagement of older people with sensory impairments are likely to be beneficial in preventing cognitive decline and dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=179808555
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        Value: 10.1002/gps.6149
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Elder care
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cross-sectional method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cognitive testing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Vision disorders
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Episodic memory
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      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
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      – SubjectFull: Sedentary lifestyles
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      – SubjectFull: Structural equation modeling
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      – SubjectFull: Hearing disorders
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      – SubjectFull: Factor analysis
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      – SubjectFull: England
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      – SubjectFull: United States
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      – TitleFull: What Explains the Link Between Hearing and Vision Impairment and Cognitive Function? Analysis of Mediating Effects in the USA, England and Ireland.
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              M: 09
              Text: Sep2024
              Type: published
              Y: 2024
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