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Changes in the prevalence of alcohol use in rap song lyrics, 1979–97.

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Title: Changes in the prevalence of alcohol use in rap song lyrics, 1979–97.
Authors: Herd, Denise (AUTHOR)
Source: Addiction. Sep2005, Vol. 100 Issue 9, p1258-1269. 12p. 5 Charts.
Subjects: Rap music, Popular music, Cultural policy, Alcoholic beverage advertising, Alcoholic beverages
Geographic Terms: United States
Abstract: This paper explores the role of changing images of drinking and alcoholic beverage use in rap music from its beginnings in the United States in the late 1970s to the late 1990s. A sample of 341 rap music song lyrics released from 1979 to 1997 were selected using Billboard and Gavin rating charts. Song lyrics were coded for music genres, alcohol beverage types and brand names, drinking behaviors, drinking contexts, intoxication, attitudes towards alcohol and consequences of drinking. From 1979 to 1997, songs with references to alcohol increased fivefold (from 8 to 44%); those exhibiting positive attitudes rose from 43% to 73%; and brand name mentions increased from 46% to 71%. There were also significant increases in songs mentioning champagne and liquor (mainly expensive brand names) when comparing songs released after 1994 with those from previous years. In addition, there were significant increases in references to alcohol to signify glamour and wealth, and using alcohol with drugs and for recreational purposes. The findings also showed that alcohol use in rap music was much more likely to result in positive than negative consequences. Many of these findings are consistent with the idea that rap music has been profoundly affected by commercial forces and the marketing of alcoholic beverages. In addition, it is possible that the increase in references to alcoholic beverages in rap music, particularly spirits, is a reflection of a broader advertising culture which increasingly associates African Americans with alcohol use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Addiction is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Changes in the prevalence of alcohol use in rap song lyrics, 1979–97.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Herd%2C+Denise%22">Herd, Denise</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Addiction%22">Addiction</searchLink>. Sep2005, Vol. 100 Issue 9, p1258-1269. 12p. 5 Charts.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rap+music%22">Rap music</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Popular+music%22">Popular music</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cultural+policy%22">Cultural policy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alcoholic+beverage+advertising%22">Alcoholic beverage advertising</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alcoholic+beverages%22">Alcoholic beverages</searchLink>
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  Data: This paper explores the role of changing images of drinking and alcoholic beverage use in rap music from its beginnings in the United States in the late 1970s to the late 1990s. A sample of 341 rap music song lyrics released from 1979 to 1997 were selected using Billboard and Gavin rating charts. Song lyrics were coded for music genres, alcohol beverage types and brand names, drinking behaviors, drinking contexts, intoxication, attitudes towards alcohol and consequences of drinking. From 1979 to 1997, songs with references to alcohol increased fivefold (from 8 to 44%); those exhibiting positive attitudes rose from 43% to 73%; and brand name mentions increased from 46% to 71%. There were also significant increases in songs mentioning champagne and liquor (mainly expensive brand names) when comparing songs released after 1994 with those from previous years. In addition, there were significant increases in references to alcohol to signify glamour and wealth, and using alcohol with drugs and for recreational purposes. The findings also showed that alcohol use in rap music was much more likely to result in positive than negative consequences. Many of these findings are consistent with the idea that rap music has been profoundly affected by commercial forces and the marketing of alcoholic beverages. In addition, it is possible that the increase in references to alcoholic beverages in rap music, particularly spirits, is a reflection of a broader advertising culture which increasingly associates African Americans with alcohol use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Addiction is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01192.x
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Rap music
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      – SubjectFull: Popular music
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      – SubjectFull: Cultural policy
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      – SubjectFull: Alcoholic beverage advertising
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      – SubjectFull: Alcoholic beverages
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              Text: Sep2005
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