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Automated visual acuity estimation by optokinetic nystagmus using a stepped sweep stimulus.

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Title: Automated visual acuity estimation by optokinetic nystagmus using a stepped sweep stimulus.
Authors: Turuwhenua, Jason (AUTHOR), LinTun, Zaw (AUTHOR), Norouzifard, Mohammad (AUTHOR), Edmonds, Misty (AUTHOR), Findlay, Rebecca (AUTHOR), Black, Joanna (AUTHOR), Thompson, Benjamin (AUTHOR)
Source: Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics. Nov2024, Vol. 44 Issue 7, p1500-1512. 13p.
Subjects: Visual acuity, Eye tracking, Eye movements, Diabetic retinopathy, Vision testing
Abstract: Purpose: To describe an automatic system for objective measurement of visual acuity (VA) using optokinetic nystagmus (OKN). This pilot study tested the system's sensitivity and specificity for detecting reduced VA in healthy adults by comparing VA‐OKN to VA with an Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart (VA‐ETDRS). Methods: Adult participants (age 30 ± 12 years) with either reduced VA (n = 11, VA‐ETDRS > 0.20 logMAR) or normal VA (n = 12, VA‐ETDRS ≤ 0.20 logMAR) completed monocular VA‐OKN measurements in each eye. The VA‐OKN stimulus was an array of drifting (5°/s) vanishing discs presented in descending/ascending size order (0.00–1.00 logMAR in 0.10 steps). The stimulus was stepped every 2 s, and 10 sweeps were shown per eye (five ascending and five descending). Eye‐tracking data determined when OKN activity ceased (descending sweep) or began (ascending sweep), which was used to determine VA‐OKN for each sweep. The estimates were averaged across sweeps to produce an automated VA‐OKN. The automated sweeps were then provided in randomised order to a reviewer blinded to the VA‐ETDRS findings who determined a final VA‐OKN for an eye. Results: A single randomly selected eye from each observer was used for analysis. The sensitivity and specificity of VA‐OKN using the same 0.20 logMAR threshold as VA‐ETDRS was 100%. Comparisons between the VA‐OKN and VA‐ETDRS measures were made for participants in the reduced VA group. There was no significant difference between VA‐OKN and VA‐ETDRS (p = 0.55) and the two measures produced comparable values (r2 = 0.84, 95% limits of agreement = 0.19 logMAR, intra‐class correlation coefficient = 0.90 [95% CI:0.68–0.97]). Conclusions: Visual acuity using optokinetic nystagmus correctly identified a VA deficit in adults and for those with a VA deficit, VA‐OKN was strongly correlated with the gold‐standard clinical measure of VA. OKN is a promising method which has the potential for use in cognitively impaired adults and pre‐verbal children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Automated visual acuity estimation by optokinetic nystagmus using a stepped sweep stimulus.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Turuwhenua%2C+Jason%22">Turuwhenua, Jason</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22LinTun%2C+Zaw%22">LinTun, Zaw</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Norouzifard%2C+Mohammad%22">Norouzifard, Mohammad</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Edmonds%2C+Misty%22">Edmonds, Misty</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Findlay%2C+Rebecca%22">Findlay, Rebecca</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Black%2C+Joanna%22">Black, Joanna</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Thompson%2C+Benjamin%22">Thompson, Benjamin</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Ophthalmic+%26+Physiological+Optics%22">Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics</searchLink>. Nov2024, Vol. 44 Issue 7, p1500-1512. 13p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Visual+acuity%22">Visual acuity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Eye+tracking%22">Eye tracking</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Eye+movements%22">Eye movements</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Diabetic+retinopathy%22">Diabetic retinopathy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vision+testing%22">Vision testing</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Purpose: To describe an automatic system for objective measurement of visual acuity (VA) using optokinetic nystagmus (OKN). This pilot study tested the system's sensitivity and specificity for detecting reduced VA in healthy adults by comparing VA‐OKN to VA with an Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart (VA‐ETDRS). Methods: Adult participants (age 30 ± 12 years) with either reduced VA (n = 11, VA‐ETDRS > 0.20 logMAR) or normal VA (n = 12, VA‐ETDRS ≤ 0.20 logMAR) completed monocular VA‐OKN measurements in each eye. The VA‐OKN stimulus was an array of drifting (5°/s) vanishing discs presented in descending/ascending size order (0.00–1.00 logMAR in 0.10 steps). The stimulus was stepped every 2 s, and 10 sweeps were shown per eye (five ascending and five descending). Eye‐tracking data determined when OKN activity ceased (descending sweep) or began (ascending sweep), which was used to determine VA‐OKN for each sweep. The estimates were averaged across sweeps to produce an automated VA‐OKN. The automated sweeps were then provided in randomised order to a reviewer blinded to the VA‐ETDRS findings who determined a final VA‐OKN for an eye. Results: A single randomly selected eye from each observer was used for analysis. The sensitivity and specificity of VA‐OKN using the same 0.20 logMAR threshold as VA‐ETDRS was 100%. Comparisons between the VA‐OKN and VA‐ETDRS measures were made for participants in the reduced VA group. There was no significant difference between VA‐OKN and VA‐ETDRS (p = 0.55) and the two measures produced comparable values (r2 = 0.84, 95% limits of agreement = 0.19 logMAR, intra‐class correlation coefficient = 0.90 [95% CI:0.68–0.97]). Conclusions: Visual acuity using optokinetic nystagmus correctly identified a VA deficit in adults and for those with a VA deficit, VA‐OKN was strongly correlated with the gold‐standard clinical measure of VA. OKN is a promising method which has the potential for use in cognitively impaired adults and pre‐verbal children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/opo.13391
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 1500
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Visual acuity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Eye tracking
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Eye movements
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Diabetic retinopathy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Vision testing
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Automated visual acuity estimation by optokinetic nystagmus using a stepped sweep stimulus.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Turuwhenua, Jason
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            NameFull: LinTun, Zaw
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            NameFull: Norouzifard, Mohammad
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            NameFull: Edmonds, Misty
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            – D: 01
              M: 11
              Text: Nov2024
              Type: published
              Y: 2024
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