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Tobacco retail availability and smoking—A systematic review and meta‐analysis.

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Title: Tobacco retail availability and smoking—A systematic review and meta‐analysis.
Authors: Martin‐Gall, Veronica (AUTHOR), Neil, Amanda (AUTHOR), Macintyre, Kate (AUTHOR), Rehman, Sabah (AUTHOR), Nguyen, Thuy Phuong (AUTHOR), Harding, Ben (AUTHOR), Gall, Seana (AUTHOR)
Source: Drug & Alcohol Review. Nov2024, Vol. 43 Issue 7, p1718-1732. 15p.
Subjects: Smoking, Tobacco smoke, Pregnant women, Smoke, Consumers
Abstract: Issues: Health policy makers worldwide have adopted evidence‐based legislation, largely directed at consumers, to reduce tobacco‐related harm. It is suggested that limiting supply by decreasing retail availability can also reduce cigarette smoking. To inform policy makers this systematic literature review assesses whether reducing availability is associated with smoking behaviours. Approach: Systematic literature searches of five databases were carried out up to January 2023. Included studies had at least one exposure (tobacco retail density, proximity or mixed measures thereof) and outcomes of smoking behaviour. Meta‐analysis of effect estimates were undertaken if there were at least three studies with similar population, exposure and outcome measures. Key Findings: Sixty‐two studies were included, and positive associations were found between tobacco outlet density and cigarette smoking in pregnancy, youth, adults and cessation. Meta‐analyses were undertaken for retail density and ever smoking (odds ratio [OR] 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04, 1.37; I2 = 87.3%), and current youth smoking (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.08, 1.40; I2 = 0.0%), adult smoking (OR 1.11; 95% CI 1.01, 1.22; I2 = 74.8%); and mixed measures of retail availability near schools and current youth smoking (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01, 1.05; I2 = 0.0%). Implications and Conclusion: There is evidence higher tobacco retail density is consistently associated with cigarette smoking in pregnant women, young people and adults when ecological studies are included in meta‐analysis. Meanwhile, evidence synthesis reveals restrictive tobacco retail laws based on proximity or mixed measures near home or very near school may not reduce smoking except in men who smoke heavily. Mechanisms to reduce retailer density should be thus considered part of tobacco control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Drug & Alcohol Review is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Tobacco retail availability and smoking—A systematic review and meta‐analysis.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Martin‐Gall%2C+Veronica%22">Martin‐Gall, Veronica</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Neil%2C+Amanda%22">Neil, Amanda</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Macintyre%2C+Kate%22">Macintyre, Kate</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rehman%2C+Sabah%22">Rehman, Sabah</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nguyen%2C+Thuy+Phuong%22">Nguyen, Thuy Phuong</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Harding%2C+Ben%22">Harding, Ben</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gall%2C+Seana%22">Gall, Seana</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Drug+%26+Alcohol+Review%22">Drug & Alcohol Review</searchLink>. Nov2024, Vol. 43 Issue 7, p1718-1732. 15p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Smoking%22">Smoking</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tobacco+smoke%22">Tobacco smoke</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pregnant+women%22">Pregnant women</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Smoke%22">Smoke</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Consumers%22">Consumers</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Issues: Health policy makers worldwide have adopted evidence‐based legislation, largely directed at consumers, to reduce tobacco‐related harm. It is suggested that limiting supply by decreasing retail availability can also reduce cigarette smoking. To inform policy makers this systematic literature review assesses whether reducing availability is associated with smoking behaviours. Approach: Systematic literature searches of five databases were carried out up to January 2023. Included studies had at least one exposure (tobacco retail density, proximity or mixed measures thereof) and outcomes of smoking behaviour. Meta‐analysis of effect estimates were undertaken if there were at least three studies with similar population, exposure and outcome measures. Key Findings: Sixty‐two studies were included, and positive associations were found between tobacco outlet density and cigarette smoking in pregnancy, youth, adults and cessation. Meta‐analyses were undertaken for retail density and ever smoking (odds ratio [OR] 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04, 1.37; I2 = 87.3%), and current youth smoking (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.08, 1.40; I2 = 0.0%), adult smoking (OR 1.11; 95% CI 1.01, 1.22; I2 = 74.8%); and mixed measures of retail availability near schools and current youth smoking (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01, 1.05; I2 = 0.0%). Implications and Conclusion: There is evidence higher tobacco retail density is consistently associated with cigarette smoking in pregnant women, young people and adults when ecological studies are included in meta‐analysis. Meanwhile, evidence synthesis reveals restrictive tobacco retail laws based on proximity or mixed measures near home or very near school may not reduce smoking except in men who smoke heavily. Mechanisms to reduce retailer density should be thus considered part of tobacco control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Drug & Alcohol Review is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Text: English
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        Type: general
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              Text: Nov2024
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