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Expectancies for Alcohol Analgesia Among Emerging Adults: Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Reliability, and Validity.

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Title: Expectancies for Alcohol Analgesia Among Emerging Adults: Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Reliability, and Validity.
Authors: Williams, Callon M. (AUTHOR), Ganchrow, Danielle M. (AUTHOR), Shayya, Ashley D. (AUTHOR), LaRowe, Lisa R. (AUTHOR), Ditre, Joseph W. (AUTHOR), Zale, Emily L. (AUTHOR)
Source: Substance Use & Misuse. 2025, Vol. 60 Issue 4, p542-549. 8p.
Subjects: Complications of alcoholism, Pain measurement, Research methodology evaluation, Research evaluation, Disability determination, Analgesia, Surveys, Pain management, Alcohol drinking, College students, Factor analysis
Abstract: Background: Alcohol and pain frequently co-occur and interact in a positive feedback loop that maintains and exacerbates both conditions. The Expectancies for Alcohol Analgesia (EAA) is a recently developed, single-factor measure that assesses the extent to which individuals expect alcohol will reduce their pain. Alcohol-related outcome expectancies motivate drinking and predict drinking trajectories among emerging adults (18–24). The EAA was initially validated among adults with chronic pain who drink alcohol and has been associated with several indices of pain and alcohol. We are unaware of prior work that examined the psychometric properties of the EAA among emerging adults, who are at high-risk for developing positive expectancies regarding the utility of alcohol for pain management. Objectives: The goal of this study was to examine the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the EAA among emerging adult college students. Methods: Emerging adult college students who endorsed lifetime alcohol use and varying pain levels (N = 555, 74.4% Female, 75.2% White) completed an online survey of pain and alcohol use. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the single-factor structure was a good fit (CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99, SRMR = 0.01, RMSEA = 0.04). Internal consistency was excellent (α =.95), and EAA scores were positively associated with alcohol consumption, alcohol-related consequences, drinking motives, and pain intensity and disability (ps <.01). Conclusion: These findings suggest the EAA is a valid and reliable measure for assessing expectancies for alcohol analgesia among emerging adult college students, which may also be a promising intervention target to include in expectancy challenge interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Substance Use & Misuse is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Expectancies for Alcohol Analgesia Among Emerging Adults: Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Reliability, and Validity.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Substance+Use+%26+Misuse%22&quot;&gt;Substance Use &amp; Misuse&lt;/searchLink&gt;. 2025, Vol. 60 Issue 4, p542-549. 8p.
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Alcohol and pain frequently co-occur and interact in a positive feedback loop that maintains and exacerbates both conditions. The Expectancies for Alcohol Analgesia (EAA) is a recently developed, single-factor measure that assesses the extent to which individuals expect alcohol will reduce their pain. Alcohol-related outcome expectancies motivate drinking and predict drinking trajectories among emerging adults (18–24). The EAA was initially validated among adults with chronic pain who drink alcohol and has been associated with several indices of pain and alcohol. We are unaware of prior work that examined the psychometric properties of the EAA among emerging adults, who are at high-risk for developing positive expectancies regarding the utility of alcohol for pain management. Objectives: The goal of this study was to examine the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the EAA among emerging adult college students. Methods: Emerging adult college students who endorsed lifetime alcohol use and varying pain levels (N = 555, 74.4% Female, 75.2% White) completed an online survey of pain and alcohol use. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the single-factor structure was a good fit (CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99, SRMR = 0.01, RMSEA = 0.04). Internal consistency was excellent (α =.95), and EAA scores were positively associated with alcohol consumption, alcohol-related consequences, drinking motives, and pain intensity and disability (ps &lt;.01). Conclusion: These findings suggest the EAA is a valid and reliable measure for assessing expectancies for alcohol analgesia among emerging adult college students, which may also be a promising intervention target to include in expectancy challenge interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Substance Use &amp; Misuse is the property of Taylor &amp; Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2440366
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 8
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      – SubjectFull: Complications of alcoholism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pain measurement
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      – SubjectFull: Research methodology evaluation
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      – SubjectFull: Research evaluation
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      – SubjectFull: Disability determination
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      – SubjectFull: Analgesia
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      – SubjectFull: Pain management
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      – SubjectFull: College students
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      – SubjectFull: Factor analysis
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              Text: 2025
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