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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Inter‐Pulse Interval Does Not Influence Corticospinal Excitability to the Biceps Brachii During Submaximal Isometric Elbow Flexion.

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Title: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Inter‐Pulse Interval Does Not Influence Corticospinal Excitability to the Biceps Brachii During Submaximal Isometric Elbow Flexion.
Authors: Imeson, David H. (AUTHOR), Gerditschke, Lea (AUTHOR), Brown, Liana E. (AUTHOR), Forman, Davis A. (AUTHOR)
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience. Jan2025, Vol. 61 Issue 1, p1-8. 8p.
Subjects: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Biceps brachii, Evoked potentials (Electrophysiology), Muscle contraction, Electric stimulation, Pyramidal tract
Abstract: Previous research on resting muscles has shown that inter‐pulse interval (IPI) duration influences transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) responses, which can introduce serious confounding variables into investigations if not accounted for. However, it is far less clear how IPI influences TMS responses in active muscles. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between IPI and corticospinal excitability during submaximal isometric elbow flexion. Corticospinal excitability to the biceps and triceps brachii was measured using motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited via TMS. Stimulation intensity was set to 120% of the biceps brachii's active motor threshold while participants produced 10% of their biceps' maximal muscle activity. TMS was delivered as separate trains of five stimulations, with experimental conditions differing between IPIs of 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 or 14 s. Results demonstrated that IPI had no influence on MEP amplitudes for either the biceps or triceps. However, when MEP amplitudes were expressed as a unitless ratio to pre‐stimulus muscle activity, a main effect of time was found for the biceps; MEP amplitudes progressively decreased with successive stimulations (MEP 1:32.8 ± 5.9; MEP 5:27.7 ± 4.3, p < 0.05). These results suggest that IPI is unlikely to represent a confounding variable in TMS studies utilizing active contractions. However, studies looking to compare the amplitudes of single MEPs over time should be aware of the possibility that amplitudes may decrease with continuous stimulation. Future research should seek to examine even longer IPIs and explore the influence of higher stimulation intensities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Journal of Neuroscience is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Inter‐Pulse Interval Does Not Influence Corticospinal Excitability to the Biceps Brachii During Submaximal Isometric Elbow Flexion.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22European+Journal+of+Neuroscience%22&quot;&gt;European Journal of Neuroscience&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Jan2025, Vol. 61 Issue 1, p1-8. 8p.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Transcranial+magnetic+stimulation%22&quot;&gt;Transcranial magnetic stimulation&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Biceps+brachii%22&quot;&gt;Biceps brachii&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Evoked+potentials+%28Electrophysiology%29%22&quot;&gt;Evoked potentials (Electrophysiology)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Muscle+contraction%22&quot;&gt;Muscle contraction&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Electric+stimulation%22&quot;&gt;Electric stimulation&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Pyramidal+tract%22&quot;&gt;Pyramidal tract&lt;/searchLink&gt;
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Previous research on resting muscles has shown that inter‐pulse interval (IPI) duration influences transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) responses, which can introduce serious confounding variables into investigations if not accounted for. However, it is far less clear how IPI influences TMS responses in active muscles. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between IPI and corticospinal excitability during submaximal isometric elbow flexion. Corticospinal excitability to the biceps and triceps brachii was measured using motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited via TMS. Stimulation intensity was set to 120% of the biceps brachii&#39;s active motor threshold while participants produced 10% of their biceps&#39; maximal muscle activity. TMS was delivered as separate trains of five stimulations, with experimental conditions differing between IPIs of 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 or 14 s. Results demonstrated that IPI had no influence on MEP amplitudes for either the biceps or triceps. However, when MEP amplitudes were expressed as a unitless ratio to pre‐stimulus muscle activity, a main effect of time was found for the biceps; MEP amplitudes progressively decreased with successive stimulations (MEP 1:32.8 &#177; 5.9; MEP 5:27.7 &#177; 4.3, p &lt; 0.05). These results suggest that IPI is unlikely to represent a confounding variable in TMS studies utilizing active contractions. However, studies looking to compare the amplitudes of single MEPs over time should be aware of the possibility that amplitudes may decrease with continuous stimulation. Future research should seek to examine even longer IPIs and explore the influence of higher stimulation intensities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of European Journal of Neuroscience is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=184019521
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        Value: 10.1111/ejn.16671
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 8
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Transcranial magnetic stimulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biceps brachii
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Evoked potentials (Electrophysiology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Muscle contraction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric stimulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pyramidal tract
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Inter‐Pulse Interval Does Not Influence Corticospinal Excitability to the Biceps Brachii During Submaximal Isometric Elbow Flexion.
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            NameFull: Imeson, David H.
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            NameFull: Gerditschke, Lea
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            NameFull: Brown, Liana E.
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            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Text: Jan2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 61
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