The Interplay Between Experimental Heat Pain and Noninvasive Stimulation of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex on Reinforcement Learning With Manipulated Outcome Contingencies.

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Title: The Interplay Between Experimental Heat Pain and Noninvasive Stimulation of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex on Reinforcement Learning With Manipulated Outcome Contingencies.
Authors: Babiker, Samy (AUTHOR), Luzzi, Federica (AUTHOR), Mittner, Matthias (AUTHOR), Csifcsák, Gábor (AUTHOR)
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience. Apr2025, Vol. 61 Issue 7, p1-17. 17p.
Subjects: Prefrontal cortex, Reinforcement learning, Helplessness (Psychology), Classical conditioning, Brain stimulation, Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Cognitive ability
Abstract: Pain negatively affects several cognitive abilities, but knowledge about its effect on reinforcement learning (RL) is limited. During RL, instrumental choices can be influenced by heuristic tendencies to approach rewards or inhibit actions when facing potentially aversive events, introducing "Pavlovian bias" in behavior. Recent studies suggest that compromised outcome controllability enhances Pavlovian bias, a phenomenon that may be linked to suboptimal decision‐making in learned helplessness (LH). Since LH is common in chronic pain syndromes, this study sought to establish a link between experimental heat pain (EHP), disrupted reward/loss contingencies, and RL performance in healthy adults. In addition, we investigated if intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) above the medial prefrontal/dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (mPFC/dACC) alleviates the deleterious effects of EHP on choice behavior. In a preregistered, 2 × 2 between‐group, double‐blind study (N = 100), healthy adult participants underwent three blocks of an orthogonalized Go/NoGo task with two interleaved bouts of active or sham iTBS, and either EHP or warm skin stimulation combined with manipulated response–outcome contingency during the task. Although EHP did not impact response accuracy, it invigorated actions for rewards, reflecting enhanced Pavlovian bias. Whereas two bouts of iTBS attenuated Pavlovian tendencies, this effect was counteracted by EHP, indicating antagonistic effects of pain and iTBS‐modulated mPFC activity on Pavlovian–instrumental interactions. Surprisingly, EHP and iTBS exerted largely similar effects on other latent parameters of RL (go‐bias, learning rate, and exploration) in a manner that resembled LH. These findings shed light on the role of experimental pain and mPFC/dACC activity in LH‐like choice behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Journal of Neuroscience is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: The Interplay Between Experimental Heat Pain and Noninvasive Stimulation of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex on Reinforcement Learning With Manipulated Outcome Contingencies.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Babiker%2C+Samy%22">Babiker, Samy</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Luzzi%2C+Federica%22">Luzzi, Federica</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mittner%2C+Matthias%22">Mittner, Matthias</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Csifcsák%2C+Gábor%22">Csifcsák, Gábor</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22European+Journal+of+Neuroscience%22">European Journal of Neuroscience</searchLink>. Apr2025, Vol. 61 Issue 7, p1-17. 17p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Prefrontal+cortex%22">Prefrontal cortex</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reinforcement+learning%22">Reinforcement learning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Helplessness+%28Psychology%29%22">Helplessness (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Classical+conditioning%22">Classical conditioning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Brain+stimulation%22">Brain stimulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Transcranial+magnetic+stimulation%22">Transcranial magnetic stimulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+ability%22">Cognitive ability</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Pain negatively affects several cognitive abilities, but knowledge about its effect on reinforcement learning (RL) is limited. During RL, instrumental choices can be influenced by heuristic tendencies to approach rewards or inhibit actions when facing potentially aversive events, introducing "Pavlovian bias" in behavior. Recent studies suggest that compromised outcome controllability enhances Pavlovian bias, a phenomenon that may be linked to suboptimal decision‐making in learned helplessness (LH). Since LH is common in chronic pain syndromes, this study sought to establish a link between experimental heat pain (EHP), disrupted reward/loss contingencies, and RL performance in healthy adults. In addition, we investigated if intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) above the medial prefrontal/dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (mPFC/dACC) alleviates the deleterious effects of EHP on choice behavior. In a preregistered, 2 × 2 between‐group, double‐blind study (N = 100), healthy adult participants underwent three blocks of an orthogonalized Go/NoGo task with two interleaved bouts of active or sham iTBS, and either EHP or warm skin stimulation combined with manipulated response–outcome contingency during the task. Although EHP did not impact response accuracy, it invigorated actions for rewards, reflecting enhanced Pavlovian bias. Whereas two bouts of iTBS attenuated Pavlovian tendencies, this effect was counteracted by EHP, indicating antagonistic effects of pain and iTBS‐modulated mPFC activity on Pavlovian–instrumental interactions. Surprisingly, EHP and iTBS exerted largely similar effects on other latent parameters of RL (go‐bias, learning rate, and exploration) in a manner that resembled LH. These findings shed light on the role of experimental pain and mPFC/dACC activity in LH‐like choice behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of European Journal of Neuroscience is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/ejn.70089
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 17
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      – SubjectFull: Prefrontal cortex
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Reinforcement learning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Helplessness (Psychology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Classical conditioning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Brain stimulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Transcranial magnetic stimulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cognitive ability
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: The Interplay Between Experimental Heat Pain and Noninvasive Stimulation of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex on Reinforcement Learning With Manipulated Outcome Contingencies.
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            NameFull: Babiker, Samy
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            NameFull: Luzzi, Federica
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            NameFull: Mittner, Matthias
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            NameFull: Csifcsák, Gábor
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            – D: 01
              M: 04
              Text: Apr2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 61
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            – TitleFull: European Journal of Neuroscience
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