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Working Memory and Automaticity in Relation to Mental Addition among American Elementary Students.

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Title: Working Memory and Automaticity in Relation to Mental Addition among American Elementary Students.
Authors: Yu, Qiong (AUTHOR), Ding, Yi (AUTHOR), Zusho, Akane (AUTHOR), Zhang, Chun (AUTHOR), Wang, Yifan (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Experimental Education. 2025, Vol. 93 Issue 3, p522-540. 19p.
Subjects: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Mental arithmetic, Short-term memory, Cognitive load, Mental work, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Automaticity (Learning process)
Abstract: This study investigated the effects of working memory load (WML) and automaticity on mental addition through an examination of both task and individual characteristics within the framework of cognitive load theory. Seventy-three fourth-grade students in New York City public schools completed the Digit Span-Backward task of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fifth Edition, the Math Fluency subtest of the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test-Third Edition, and a 24-item computer-assisted addition task. Results showed that working memory load, automaticity, and their interaction had significant effects on mental addition. Automaticity had a differential effect on response time under low and high WML conditions. Results also showed that working memory, math fluency, and their interaction could predict a significant portion of variance in accuracy. However, math fluency was the only significant predictor for mental addition on the measure of response time. The study confirmed the interaction effect between working memory and automaticity and underscored the importance of automaticity in arithmetic learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Experimental Education is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Working Memory and Automaticity in Relation to Mental Addition among American Elementary Students.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yu%2C+Qiong%22">Yu, Qiong</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ding%2C+Yi%22">Ding, Yi</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zusho%2C+Akane%22">Zusho, Akane</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Chun%22">Zhang, Chun</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Yifan%22">Wang, Yifan</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Experimental+Education%22">Journal of Experimental Education</searchLink>. 2025, Vol. 93 Issue 3, p522-540. 19p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wechsler+Adult+Intelligence+Scale%22">Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+arithmetic%22">Mental arithmetic</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Short-term+memory%22">Short-term memory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+load%22">Cognitive load</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+work%22">Mental work</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wechsler+Intelligence+Scale+for+Children%22">Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Automaticity+%28Learning+process%29%22">Automaticity (Learning process)</searchLink>
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  Data: This study investigated the effects of working memory load (WML) and automaticity on mental addition through an examination of both task and individual characteristics within the framework of cognitive load theory. Seventy-three fourth-grade students in New York City public schools completed the Digit Span-Backward task of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fifth Edition, the Math Fluency subtest of the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test-Third Edition, and a 24-item computer-assisted addition task. Results showed that working memory load, automaticity, and their interaction had significant effects on mental addition. Automaticity had a differential effect on response time under low and high WML conditions. Results also showed that working memory, math fluency, and their interaction could predict a significant portion of variance in accuracy. However, math fluency was the only significant predictor for mental addition on the measure of response time. The study confirmed the interaction effect between working memory and automaticity and underscored the importance of automaticity in arithmetic learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Experimental Education is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/00220973.2023.2261284
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 19
        StartPage: 522
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mental arithmetic
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Short-term memory
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      – SubjectFull: Cognitive load
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      – SubjectFull: Mental work
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      – SubjectFull: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Automaticity (Learning process)
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      – TitleFull: Working Memory and Automaticity in Relation to Mental Addition among American Elementary Students.
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            NameFull: Yu, Qiong
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            NameFull: Ding, Yi
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            NameFull: Zusho, Akane
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            NameFull: Zhang, Chun
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              M: 07
              Text: 2025
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              Y: 2025
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