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Psychometric Properties of the Nine‐Item Personal Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) Seven‐Item Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD‐7), and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) With People With Intellectual Disabilities.

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Title: Psychometric Properties of the Nine‐Item Personal Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) Seven‐Item Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD‐7), and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) With People With Intellectual Disabilities.
Authors: Dagnan, Dave, Saunders, Rob, Stott, Joshua, Thwaites, Richard, Hatton, Chris
Source: Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. Jun2025, Vol. 69 Issue 6, p502-509. 8p.
Subjects: Self-evaluation, Multitrait multimethod techniques, Pearson correlation (Statistics), Cronbach's alpha, Functional assessment, Research methodology evaluation, Research evaluation, Anxiety, Descriptive statistics, Psychometrics, Research methodology, Factor analysis, Data analysis software, Mental depression, Psychosocial factors
Geographic Terms: England
Abstract: Background: The nine‐item Physical Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9), the seven‐item Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD‐7) and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) are, respectively, self‐report measures of depression, generalised anxiety, and the impact of mental health on the person's personal functioning that are widely used in mainstream mental health services in England. The psychometric properties of these scales when used with people with intellectual disabilities have not been established. Method: Item level data for the PHQ‐9 (n = 128), GAD‐7 (n = 124) and WSAS (n = 133) for people with intellectual disabilities in an English NHS Talking Therapies for anxiety and depression (NHSTT) service in the north of England were analysed using internal reliability statistics and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: In this study, the full PHQ‐9, GAD‐7 and WSAS have Cronbach's α of 0.81, 0.84 and 0.81, respectively, and have acceptable ranges of corrected item‐total correlations. The two‐factor structures for the PHQ‐9 and the GAD‐7 were a better fit than single‐factor structures, although the single‐factor fit and the correlation between the two factors within each scale suggest that their use as a single scale is justified. The single‐factor structure for the WSAS was a good fit. Conclusions: In this study, the widely used PHQ‐9, GAD‐7 and WSAS demonstrate internal consistency values and factor analysis structure similar to those for individuals without intellectual disabilities. The data support the use of these measures for people with intellectual disabilities attending routine primary care mental health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Intellectual Disability Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Psychometric Properties of the Nine‐Item Personal Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) Seven‐Item Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD‐7), and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) With People With Intellectual Disabilities.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Intellectual+Disability+Research%22">Journal of Intellectual Disability Research</searchLink>. Jun2025, Vol. 69 Issue 6, p502-509. 8p.
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  Data: Background: The nine‐item Physical Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9), the seven‐item Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD‐7) and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) are, respectively, self‐report measures of depression, generalised anxiety, and the impact of mental health on the person's personal functioning that are widely used in mainstream mental health services in England. The psychometric properties of these scales when used with people with intellectual disabilities have not been established. Method: Item level data for the PHQ‐9 (n = 128), GAD‐7 (n = 124) and WSAS (n = 133) for people with intellectual disabilities in an English NHS Talking Therapies for anxiety and depression (NHSTT) service in the north of England were analysed using internal reliability statistics and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: In this study, the full PHQ‐9, GAD‐7 and WSAS have Cronbach's α of 0.81, 0.84 and 0.81, respectively, and have acceptable ranges of corrected item‐total correlations. The two‐factor structures for the PHQ‐9 and the GAD‐7 were a better fit than single‐factor structures, although the single‐factor fit and the correlation between the two factors within each scale suggest that their use as a single scale is justified. The single‐factor structure for the WSAS was a good fit. Conclusions: In this study, the widely used PHQ‐9, GAD‐7 and WSAS demonstrate internal consistency values and factor analysis structure similar to those for individuals without intellectual disabilities. The data support the use of these measures for people with intellectual disabilities attending routine primary care mental health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Intellectual Disability Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/jir.13231
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 8
        StartPage: 502
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Self-evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Multitrait multimethod techniques
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pearson correlation (Statistics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cronbach's alpha
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Functional assessment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research methodology evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anxiety
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychometrics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research methodology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Factor analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
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      – SubjectFull: Mental depression
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychosocial factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: England
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Psychometric Properties of the Nine‐Item Personal Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) Seven‐Item Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD‐7), and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) With People With Intellectual Disabilities.
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            NameFull: Dagnan, Dave
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            NameFull: Saunders, Rob
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            NameFull: Stott, Joshua
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              M: 06
              Text: Jun2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 69
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