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Discovery of the short γ-ray burst GRB 050709.

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Title: Discovery of the short γ-ray burst GRB 050709.
Authors: Villasenor, J. S., Lamb, D. Q., Ricker, G. R., Atteia, J.-L., Kawai, N., Butler, N., Nakagawa, Y., Jernigan, J. G., Boer, M., Crew, G. B., Donaghy, T. Q., Doty, J., Fenimore, E. E., Galassi, M., Graziani, C., Hurley, K., Levine, A., Martel, F., Matsuoka, M., Olive, J.-F.
Source: Nature. 10/6/2005, Vol. 437 Issue 7060, p855-858. 4p. 2 Charts, 4 Graphs.
Subjects: Gamma ray bursts, X-rays, Galaxies, Metaphysical cosmology, Cosmological distances, Binary stars
Abstract: Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) fall into two classes: short-hard and long-soft bursts. The latter are now known to have X-ray and optical afterglows, to occur at cosmological distances in star-forming galaxies, and to be associated with the explosion of massive stars. In contrast, the distance scale, the energy scale and the progenitors of the short bursts have remained a mystery. Here we report the discovery of a short-hard burst whose accurate localization has led to follow-up observations that have identified the X-ray afterglow and (for the first time) the optical afterglow of a short-hard burst; this in turn led to the identification of the host galaxy of the burst as a late-type galaxy at z = 0.16 (ref. 10). These results show that at least some short-hard bursts occur at cosmological distances in the outskirts of galaxies, and are likely to be caused by the merging of compact binaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nature is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Villasenor%2C+J%2E+S%2E%22">Villasenor, J. S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lamb%2C+D%2E+Q%2E%22">Lamb, D. Q.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ricker%2C+G%2E+R%2E%22">Ricker, G. R.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Atteia%2C+J%2E-L%2E%22">Atteia, J.-L.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kawai%2C+N%2E%22">Kawai, N.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Butler%2C+N%2E%22">Butler, N.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nakagawa%2C+Y%2E%22">Nakagawa, Y.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jernigan%2C+J%2E+G%2E%22">Jernigan, J. G.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Boer%2C+M%2E%22">Boer, M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Crew%2C+G%2E+B%2E%22">Crew, G. B.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Donaghy%2C+T%2E+Q%2E%22">Donaghy, T. Q.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Doty%2C+J%2E%22">Doty, J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fenimore%2C+E%2E+E%2E%22">Fenimore, E. E.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Galassi%2C+M%2E%22">Galassi, M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Graziani%2C+C%2E%22">Graziani, C.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hurley%2C+K%2E%22">Hurley, K.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Levine%2C+A%2E%22">Levine, A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Martel%2C+F%2E%22">Martel, F.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Matsuoka%2C+M%2E%22">Matsuoka, M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Olive%2C+J%2E-F%2E%22">Olive, J.-F.</searchLink>
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  Data: Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) fall into two classes: short-hard and long-soft bursts. The latter are now known to have X-ray and optical afterglows, to occur at cosmological distances in star-forming galaxies, and to be associated with the explosion of massive stars. In contrast, the distance scale, the energy scale and the progenitors of the short bursts have remained a mystery. Here we report the discovery of a short-hard burst whose accurate localization has led to follow-up observations that have identified the X-ray afterglow and (for the first time) the optical afterglow of a short-hard burst; this in turn led to the identification of the host galaxy of the burst as a late-type galaxy at z = 0.16 (ref. 10). These results show that at least some short-hard bursts occur at cosmological distances in the outskirts of galaxies, and are likely to be caused by the merging of compact binaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Nature is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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