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'I crave not to feel uncomfortable' – investigating craving for opioids and cannabis among individuals with chronic pain.

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Title: 'I crave not to feel uncomfortable' – investigating craving for opioids and cannabis among individuals with chronic pain.
Authors: Thrul, Johannes (AUTHOR), Nordeck, Courtney D. (AUTHOR), Devkota, Janardan (AUTHOR), Mun, Chung Jung (AUTHOR), Dunn, Kelly E. (AUTHOR), Bergeria, Cecilia L. (AUTHOR), Zipunnikov, Vadim (AUTHOR), Vandrey, Ryan (AUTHOR), Finan, Patrick H. (AUTHOR)
Source: Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy. Jun2025, Vol. 32 Issue 3, p243-253. 11p.
Subjects: Chronic pain & psychology, Substance abuse, Self-evaluation, Chronic pain, Smartphones, Research funding, Interviewing, Descriptive statistics, Desire, Surveys, Opioid analgesics, Research methodology, Content mining, Psychological tests, Comparative studies
Abstract: Background: The assessment of drug craving is common in survey studies, including those using real-time data collection methods, such as Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). However, few studies investigate how participants with chronic pain interpret the word 'craving' and how interpretations impact survey responses. Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods study among 12 individuals with chronic pain who were using prescription opioids and cannabis. Participants completed baseline surveys, cognitive interviews, and 14-day smartphone-based EMA data collection. Analyses included deductive and inductive coding of interviews and t-tests of EMA self-reports of opioid and cannabis craving. Results: Four participants had negative reactions to the word 'craving', including mentions that these questions offended them. The remaining eight participants mentioned no negative connotation. EMA data showed that participants without negative reactions reported a greater range (opioids), higher standard deviation (opioids), and higher maximum (opioids, cannabis) on Likert-type EMA craving items, compared to those with a negative reaction. Conclusions: Some individuals with chronic pain may have a negative reaction to the word 'craving' related to opioid and cannabis use and this reaction may impact survey responses. Alternative wording of survey items is recommended, for example focused on 'wanting' or 'needing'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: 'I crave not to feel uncomfortable' – investigating craving for opioids and cannabis among individuals with chronic pain.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Thrul%2C+Johannes%22">Thrul, Johannes</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nordeck%2C+Courtney+D%2E%22">Nordeck, Courtney D.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Devkota%2C+Janardan%22">Devkota, Janardan</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mun%2C+Chung+Jung%22">Mun, Chung Jung</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dunn%2C+Kelly+E%2E%22">Dunn, Kelly E.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bergeria%2C+Cecilia+L%2E%22">Bergeria, Cecilia L.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zipunnikov%2C+Vadim%22">Zipunnikov, Vadim</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vandrey%2C+Ryan%22">Vandrey, Ryan</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Finan%2C+Patrick+H%2E%22">Finan, Patrick H.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Drugs%3A+Education%2C+Prevention+%26+Policy%22">Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy</searchLink>. Jun2025, Vol. 32 Issue 3, p243-253. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chronic+pain+%26+psychology%22">Chronic pain & psychology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Substance+abuse%22">Substance abuse</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self-evaluation%22">Self-evaluation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chronic+pain%22">Chronic pain</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Smartphones%22">Smartphones</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interviewing%22">Interviewing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Desire%22">Desire</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Surveys%22">Surveys</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Opioid+analgesics%22">Opioid analgesics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+methodology%22">Research methodology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Content+mining%22">Content mining</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychological+tests%22">Psychological tests</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+studies%22">Comparative studies</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: The assessment of drug craving is common in survey studies, including those using real-time data collection methods, such as Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). However, few studies investigate how participants with chronic pain interpret the word 'craving' and how interpretations impact survey responses. Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods study among 12 individuals with chronic pain who were using prescription opioids and cannabis. Participants completed baseline surveys, cognitive interviews, and 14-day smartphone-based EMA data collection. Analyses included deductive and inductive coding of interviews and t-tests of EMA self-reports of opioid and cannabis craving. Results: Four participants had negative reactions to the word 'craving', including mentions that these questions offended them. The remaining eight participants mentioned no negative connotation. EMA data showed that participants without negative reactions reported a greater range (opioids), higher standard deviation (opioids), and higher maximum (opioids, cannabis) on Likert-type EMA craving items, compared to those with a negative reaction. Conclusions: Some individuals with chronic pain may have a negative reaction to the word 'craving' related to opioid and cannabis use and this reaction may impact survey responses. Alternative wording of survey items is recommended, for example focused on 'wanting' or 'needing'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=185387061
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/09687637.2024.2331572
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 243
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Chronic pain & psychology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Substance abuse
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Self-evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chronic pain
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Smartphones
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
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      – SubjectFull: Interviewing
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      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Desire
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      – SubjectFull: Surveys
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      – SubjectFull: Opioid analgesics
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      – SubjectFull: Research methodology
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      – SubjectFull: Content mining
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      – SubjectFull: Psychological tests
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      – SubjectFull: Comparative studies
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: 'I crave not to feel uncomfortable' – investigating craving for opioids and cannabis among individuals with chronic pain.
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              M: 06
              Text: Jun2025
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