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Closing the intention‐behaviour gap in physical activity: The moderating effect of individual differences in the valuation of physical effort.

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Title: Closing the intention‐behaviour gap in physical activity: The moderating effect of individual differences in the valuation of physical effort.
Authors: Maltagliati, Silvio (AUTHOR), Raichlen, David A. (AUTHOR), Rhodes, Ryan E. (AUTHOR), Cheval, Boris (AUTHOR)
Source: British Journal of Health Psychology. May2025, Vol. 30 Issue 2, p1-15. 15p.
Subjects: Physical activity, Individual differences, Rate of perceived exertion, Aversion, Regression analysis, Approach behavior
Abstract: Objective: Intention is a proximal antecedent of physical activity, but it often falls short of driving actual engagement in physical activity. Recently, it was suggested that the valuation of physical effort may explain the intention–behaviour gap. However, this hypothesis has not been formally tested. We aimed to examine whether individual differences in approach and avoidance tendencies towards physical effort moderate the strength of the association between intention and behaviour. Methods: Four hundred and one English‐speaking Canadian participants completed two online surveys separated by 1 week. Intention strength and individual differences in the tendencies to approach and avoid physical effort were first assessed, and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity was self‐reported 7 days later. The moderating effect of approach and avoidance tendencies towards physical effort on the association between intention and physical activity was tested using linear regression models. Results: Individual differences in approach tendencies (β =.11, p =.007), avoidance tendencies (β = −.11, p =.005) and in relative approach (vs avoidance) tendencies towards physical effort (β =.11, p =.005) moderated the association between the intention and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity. As expected, the association between intention and physical activity was stronger as approach tendencies towards physical effort increased, but weaker as avoidance tendencies increased. However, this moderating effect was only significant for vigorous physical activity, not for moderate physical activity. Conclusion: This study suggests that individual differences in the valuation of physical effort represent a relevant moderator of the intention–behaviour gap in physical activity, especially the most vigorous ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of British Journal of Health Psychology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Closing the intention‐behaviour gap in physical activity: The moderating effect of individual differences in the valuation of physical effort.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Maltagliati%2C+Silvio%22">Maltagliati, Silvio</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Raichlen%2C+David+A%2E%22">Raichlen, David A.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rhodes%2C+Ryan+E%2E%22">Rhodes, Ryan E.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cheval%2C+Boris%22">Cheval, Boris</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22British+Journal+of+Health+Psychology%22">British Journal of Health Psychology</searchLink>. May2025, Vol. 30 Issue 2, p1-15. 15p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physical+activity%22">Physical activity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Individual+differences%22">Individual differences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rate+of+perceived+exertion%22">Rate of perceived exertion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aversion%22">Aversion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Regression+analysis%22">Regression analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Approach+behavior%22">Approach behavior</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Objective: Intention is a proximal antecedent of physical activity, but it often falls short of driving actual engagement in physical activity. Recently, it was suggested that the valuation of physical effort may explain the intention–behaviour gap. However, this hypothesis has not been formally tested. We aimed to examine whether individual differences in approach and avoidance tendencies towards physical effort moderate the strength of the association between intention and behaviour. Methods: Four hundred and one English‐speaking Canadian participants completed two online surveys separated by 1 week. Intention strength and individual differences in the tendencies to approach and avoid physical effort were first assessed, and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity was self‐reported 7 days later. The moderating effect of approach and avoidance tendencies towards physical effort on the association between intention and physical activity was tested using linear regression models. Results: Individual differences in approach tendencies (β =.11, p =.007), avoidance tendencies (β = −.11, p =.005) and in relative approach (vs avoidance) tendencies towards physical effort (β =.11, p =.005) moderated the association between the intention and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity. As expected, the association between intention and physical activity was stronger as approach tendencies towards physical effort increased, but weaker as avoidance tendencies increased. However, this moderating effect was only significant for vigorous physical activity, not for moderate physical activity. Conclusion: This study suggests that individual differences in the valuation of physical effort represent a relevant moderator of the intention–behaviour gap in physical activity, especially the most vigorous ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of British Journal of Health Psychology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/bjhp.12790
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Physical activity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Individual differences
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rate of perceived exertion
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      – SubjectFull: Aversion
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      – SubjectFull: Regression analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Approach behavior
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      – TitleFull: Closing the intention‐behaviour gap in physical activity: The moderating effect of individual differences in the valuation of physical effort.
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            NameFull: Maltagliati, Silvio
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            NameFull: Raichlen, David A.
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            NameFull: Rhodes, Ryan E.
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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