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Visuomotor Integration Assessment Using Immersive Virtual Reality for Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study.

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Title: Visuomotor Integration Assessment Using Immersive Virtual Reality for Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study.
Authors: Cheng, Minxin, Craig, Alexa, Levac, Danielle E.
Source: Child: Care, Health & Development. May2025, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p1-13. 13p.
Subjects: Motor ability, Cross-sectional method, Task performance, Research funding, Sensorimotor integration, Pilot projects, Cerebral palsy, Movement disorders, Virtual reality, Perceptual disorders, Psychology of movement, Hand, Visual perception, Computer input-output equipment, Comparative studies, Eye movements, Adolescence, Children
Abstract: Background: Visuomotor integration (VMI) impairments are common in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and can impact performance of goal‐directed upper‐extremity tasks. VMI impairment is clinically assessed using the gold‐standard Beery‐Buktenica test, whereas research paradigms use computerized assessments incorporating eye and hand movement tracking with touchscreen displays. Immersive virtual reality (VR) may potentially enable more ecologically valid VMI assessments through the inclusion of 3D tasks and visual distractions. However, the potential of immersive VR as a VMI assessment method in children with CP has not been evaluated. The current study aims to investigate how VR can assess VMI impairments in children with CP. Methods: Twelve children with CP completed the Beery‐Buktenica VMI test and performed eye‐only, hand‐only and eye‐hand VMI tasks in touchscreen, visually simple VR and visually complex VR conditions. Eye and hand endpoint accuracy and task completion time quantified VMI performance. We compared performance on each task and in each environment between children with below‐ versus above‐average Beery‐VMI scores. Results: There were no significant relationships between Beery‐VMI score and eye‐hand task performance in visually simple VR. Compared to the touchscreen task, participants demonstrated significantly reduced eye and hand endpoint accuracy in visually simple VR, with no difference between Beery‐VMI groups. Children with below‐average Beery‐VMI scores decreased eye endpoint accuracy and increased trial completion time in visually complex VR. Conclusion: Findings from this pilot study do not support immersive VR as a VMI assessment method in children with CP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Child: Care, Health & Development is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Visuomotor Integration Assessment Using Immersive Virtual Reality for Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cheng%2C+Minxin%22">Cheng, Minxin</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Craig%2C+Alexa%22">Craig, Alexa</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Levac%2C+Danielle E%2E%22">Levac, Danielle E.</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Child%3A+Care%2C+Health+%26+Development%22">Child: Care, Health & Development</searchLink>. May2025, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p1-13. 13p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Motor+ability%22">Motor ability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cross-sectional+method%22">Cross-sectional method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Task+performance%22">Task performance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sensorimotor+integration%22">Sensorimotor integration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pilot+projects%22">Pilot projects</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cerebral+palsy%22">Cerebral palsy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Movement+disorders%22">Movement disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Virtual+reality%22">Virtual reality</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Perceptual+disorders%22">Perceptual disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychology+of+movement%22">Psychology of movement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hand%22">Hand</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Visual+perception%22">Visual perception</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+input-output+equipment%22">Computer input-output equipment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+studies%22">Comparative studies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Eye+movements%22">Eye movements</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adolescence%22">Adolescence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Children%22">Children</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Visuomotor integration (VMI) impairments are common in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and can impact performance of goal‐directed upper‐extremity tasks. VMI impairment is clinically assessed using the gold‐standard Beery‐Buktenica test, whereas research paradigms use computerized assessments incorporating eye and hand movement tracking with touchscreen displays. Immersive virtual reality (VR) may potentially enable more ecologically valid VMI assessments through the inclusion of 3D tasks and visual distractions. However, the potential of immersive VR as a VMI assessment method in children with CP has not been evaluated. The current study aims to investigate how VR can assess VMI impairments in children with CP. Methods: Twelve children with CP completed the Beery‐Buktenica VMI test and performed eye‐only, hand‐only and eye‐hand VMI tasks in touchscreen, visually simple VR and visually complex VR conditions. Eye and hand endpoint accuracy and task completion time quantified VMI performance. We compared performance on each task and in each environment between children with below‐ versus above‐average Beery‐VMI scores. Results: There were no significant relationships between Beery‐VMI score and eye‐hand task performance in visually simple VR. Compared to the touchscreen task, participants demonstrated significantly reduced eye and hand endpoint accuracy in visually simple VR, with no difference between Beery‐VMI groups. Children with below‐average Beery‐VMI scores decreased eye endpoint accuracy and increased trial completion time in visually complex VR. Conclusion: Findings from this pilot study do not support immersive VR as a VMI assessment method in children with CP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Child: Care, Health & Development is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/cch.70072
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Motor ability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cross-sectional method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Task performance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sensorimotor integration
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pilot projects
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cerebral palsy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Movement disorders
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Virtual reality
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Perceptual disorders
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychology of movement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hand
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Visual perception
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Computer input-output equipment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Comparative studies
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      – SubjectFull: Eye movements
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Adolescence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Children
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Visuomotor Integration Assessment Using Immersive Virtual Reality for Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study.
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            NameFull: Cheng, Minxin
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            NameFull: Craig, Alexa
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            NameFull: Levac, Danielle E.
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 51
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