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Effects of Walking on Anticipatory Brain Processing During a Concurrent Cognitive Task.

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Title: Effects of Walking on Anticipatory Brain Processing During a Concurrent Cognitive Task.
Authors: Di Bello, BiancaMaria (AUTHOR), Panacci, Camilla (AUTHOR), Montesano, Sveva (AUTHOR), Costanzo, Raffaele (AUTHOR), Boccacci, Luca (AUTHOR), Aydin, Merve (AUTHOR), Casella, Andrea (AUTHOR), Lucia, Stefania (AUTHOR), Strappini, Francesca (AUTHOR), Di Russo, Francesco (AUTHOR), Pitzalis, Sabrina (AUTHOR)
Source: Psychophysiology. May2025, Vol. 62 Issue 5, p1-9. 9p.
Subjects: Optical flow, Dual-task paradigm, Visual discrimination, Cognitive load, Cognitive ability
Abstract: Motor and cognitive processes influence each other. Dual‐task studies have shown that walking, in particular, may impact performance during cognitive tasks. However, the existing literature shows inconsistent results; changes in performance have been reported to be sometimes ameliorative, sometimes neutral, and at other times detrimental to both cognitive and motor functions. The present study aims to investigate the effects of walking on the motor and cognitive brain processes that underlie task anticipation during a visual discrimination cognitive task. For this purpose, event‐related potentials were recorded under two conditions: static standing and walking on the treadmill while participants executed a cognitive task. The presence of optic flow was also controlled to assess its effect on realistic walking. The results show that walking enhanced both motor and cognitive preparation processes, improving response speed and accuracy. This effect may suggest that walking during the execution of a visuomotor cognitive task may not interfere with task preparation and even result in increased cortical activation in prefrontal and premotor areas, thereby improving cognitive performance. Furthermore, the presence of optic flow was found to enhance motor preparation and reduce response time, supporting the efficacy of more realistic walking conditions. However, the presence of a flow field also reduced cognitive preparation and accuracy, likely due to the increased cognitive load associated with concurrent visual information. These findings support the "multiple resources theory," which posits that during dual tasks that do not interfere with each other, the brain can optimize cortical integration and enhance both cognitive and motor resources. Impact Statement: The present work studies, for the first time, the effect of self‐movement on cognitive and motor preparatory and anticipatory processes. Our results clarify some inconsistencies in the literature regarding the distribution of resources in the context of a dual‐task. Walking improves cognitive and motor preparation thanks to the cortical excitation generated by the movement, but the addition of optic flow has negative effects on cognitive preparation and, consequently, on accuracy, due to the increase in cognitive load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychophysiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Effects of Walking on Anticipatory Brain Processing During a Concurrent Cognitive Task.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Di+Bello%2C+BiancaMaria%22">Di Bello, BiancaMaria</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Panacci%2C+Camilla%22">Panacci, Camilla</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Montesano%2C+Sveva%22">Montesano, Sveva</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Costanzo%2C+Raffaele%22">Costanzo, Raffaele</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Boccacci%2C+Luca%22">Boccacci, Luca</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Aydin%2C+Merve%22">Aydin, Merve</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Casella%2C+Andrea%22">Casella, Andrea</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lucia%2C+Stefania%22">Lucia, Stefania</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Strappini%2C+Francesca%22">Strappini, Francesca</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Di+Russo%2C+Francesco%22">Di Russo, Francesco</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pitzalis%2C+Sabrina%22">Pitzalis, Sabrina</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychophysiology%22">Psychophysiology</searchLink>. May2025, Vol. 62 Issue 5, p1-9. 9p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optical+flow%22">Optical flow</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dual-task+paradigm%22">Dual-task paradigm</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Visual+discrimination%22">Visual discrimination</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+load%22">Cognitive load</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+ability%22">Cognitive ability</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Motor and cognitive processes influence each other. Dual‐task studies have shown that walking, in particular, may impact performance during cognitive tasks. However, the existing literature shows inconsistent results; changes in performance have been reported to be sometimes ameliorative, sometimes neutral, and at other times detrimental to both cognitive and motor functions. The present study aims to investigate the effects of walking on the motor and cognitive brain processes that underlie task anticipation during a visual discrimination cognitive task. For this purpose, event‐related potentials were recorded under two conditions: static standing and walking on the treadmill while participants executed a cognitive task. The presence of optic flow was also controlled to assess its effect on realistic walking. The results show that walking enhanced both motor and cognitive preparation processes, improving response speed and accuracy. This effect may suggest that walking during the execution of a visuomotor cognitive task may not interfere with task preparation and even result in increased cortical activation in prefrontal and premotor areas, thereby improving cognitive performance. Furthermore, the presence of optic flow was found to enhance motor preparation and reduce response time, supporting the efficacy of more realistic walking conditions. However, the presence of a flow field also reduced cognitive preparation and accuracy, likely due to the increased cognitive load associated with concurrent visual information. These findings support the "multiple resources theory," which posits that during dual tasks that do not interfere with each other, the brain can optimize cortical integration and enhance both cognitive and motor resources. Impact Statement: The present work studies, for the first time, the effect of self‐movement on cognitive and motor preparatory and anticipatory processes. Our results clarify some inconsistencies in the literature regarding the distribution of resources in the context of a dual‐task. Walking improves cognitive and motor preparation thanks to the cortical excitation generated by the movement, but the addition of optic flow has negative effects on cognitive preparation and, consequently, on accuracy, due to the increase in cognitive load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychophysiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=185489839
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        Value: 10.1111/psyp.70063
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Optical flow
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dual-task paradigm
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      – SubjectFull: Visual discrimination
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      – SubjectFull: Cognitive ability
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              Text: May2025
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