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Trump(ing) Tradition: Old Laws, New Norms, and the Danger to Civil–Military Relations.

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Title: Trump(ing) Tradition: Old Laws, New Norms, and the Danger to Civil–Military Relations.
Authors: Burke, Ryan (AUTHOR), Matisek, Jahara (AUTHOR)
Source: Armed Forces & Society (Sage Publications Inc.). Jul2025, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p794-814. 21p.
Subjects: Veterans, Retired military personnel, Military relations, Armed forces, Courts-martial & courts of inquiry
Abstract: Before, during, and after his presidency, Donald J. Trump's behavior and statements provoked segments of the U.S. military and civil society, with some decisions criticized and declared illegal by critics. Some current and former U.S. military personnel openly criticized and displayed contempt toward the president, thereby violating Article 88 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ). Prior to the 2021 conviction of a Marine Corps officer, the last Article 88 conviction occurred in 1966 when an off-duty Army Lieutenant held a sign criticizing President Johnson at an anti-Vietnam War protest. Despite Trump engaging in norm-eroding behaviors that politicized the Armed Forces, these actions were well within his legal rights. However, open criticism against President Trump by many retired flag officers was illegal per UCMJ laws, yet not enforced. The paradox of a UCMJ law becoming dead letter law indicates a major disjuncture between normative civil–military relations and the laws regulating the behavior of active and retired U.S. military officers. We conclude that UCMJ laws must be enforced, rewritten, or abolished because non-enforcement degrades civil–military relations and military professionalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Armed Forces & Society (Sage Publications Inc.) is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Trump(ing) Tradition: Old Laws, New Norms, and the Danger to Civil–Military Relations.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Veterans%22">Veterans</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Retired+military+personnel%22">Retired military personnel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Military+relations%22">Military relations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Armed+forces%22">Armed forces</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Courts-martial+%26+courts+of+inquiry%22">Courts-martial & courts of inquiry</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Before, during, and after his presidency, Donald J. Trump's behavior and statements provoked segments of the U.S. military and civil society, with some decisions criticized and declared illegal by critics. Some current and former U.S. military personnel openly criticized and displayed contempt toward the president, thereby violating Article 88 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ). Prior to the 2021 conviction of a Marine Corps officer, the last Article 88 conviction occurred in 1966 when an off-duty Army Lieutenant held a sign criticizing President Johnson at an anti-Vietnam War protest. Despite Trump engaging in norm-eroding behaviors that politicized the Armed Forces, these actions were well within his legal rights. However, open criticism against President Trump by many retired flag officers was illegal per UCMJ laws, yet not enforced. The paradox of a UCMJ law becoming dead letter law indicates a major disjuncture between normative civil–military relations and the laws regulating the behavior of active and retired U.S. military officers. We conclude that UCMJ laws must be enforced, rewritten, or abolished because non-enforcement degrades civil–military relations and military professionalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Armed Forces & Society (Sage Publications Inc.) is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – SubjectFull: Veterans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Retired military personnel
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      – SubjectFull: Military relations
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              Text: Jul2025
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