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Cognitive reserve, depressive symptoms, obesity, and change in employment status predict mental processing speed and executive function after COVID-19.

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Title: Cognitive reserve, depressive symptoms, obesity, and change in employment status predict mental processing speed and executive function after COVID-19.
Authors: Ariza, Mar (AUTHOR), Béjar, Javier (AUTHOR), Barrué, Cristian (AUTHOR), Cano, Neus (AUTHOR), Segura, Bàrbara (AUTHOR), Bernia, Jose A (AUTHOR), Arauzo, Vanesa (AUTHOR), Balague-Marmaña, Marta (AUTHOR), Pérez-Pellejero, Cristian (AUTHOR), Cañizares, Silvia (AUTHOR), Muñoz, Jose Antonio Lopez (AUTHOR), Caballero, Jesús (AUTHOR), Carnes-Vendrell, Anna (AUTHOR), Piñol-Ripoll, Gerard (AUTHOR), Gonzalez-Aguado, Ester (AUTHOR), Riera-Pagespetit, Mar (AUTHOR), Forcadell-Ferreres, Eva (AUTHOR), Reverte-Vilarroya, Silvia (AUTHOR), Forné, Susanna (AUTHOR), Muñoz-Padros, Jordina (AUTHOR)
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience. Jun2025, Vol. 275 Issue 4, p973-989. 17p.
Subjects: Cognitive processing speed, Executive function, Obesity, Mental depression, Neuropsychology, COVID-19 pandemic, Employment, Cognitive flexibility
Abstract: The risk factors for post-COVID-19 cognitive impairment have been poorly described. This study aimed to identify the sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle characteristics that characterize a group of post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) participants with neuropsychological impairment. The study sample included 426 participants with PCC who underwent a neurobehavioral evaluation. We selected seven mental speed processing and executive function variables to obtain a data-driven partition. Clustering algorithms were applied, including K-means, bisecting K-means, and Gaussian mixture models. Different machine learning algorithms were then used to obtain a classifier able to separate the two clusters according to the demographic, clinical, emotional, and lifestyle variables, including logistic regression with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) (L1) and Ridge (L2) regularization, support vector machines (linear/quadratic/radial basis function kernels), and decision tree ensembles (random forest/gradient boosting trees). All clustering quality measures were in agreement in detecting only two clusters in the data based solely on cognitive performance. A model with four variables (cognitive reserve, depressive symptoms, obesity, and change in work situation) obtained with logistic regression with LASSO regularization was able to classify between good and poor cognitive performers with an accuracy and a weighted averaged precision of 72%, a recall of 73%, and an area under the curve of 0.72. PCC individuals with a lower cognitive reserve, more depressive symptoms, obesity, and a change in employment status were at greater risk for poor performance on tasks requiring mental processing speed and executive function. Study registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05307575. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Cognitive reserve, depressive symptoms, obesity, and change in employment status predict mental processing speed and executive function after COVID-19.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22European+Archives+of+Psychiatry+%26+Clinical+Neuroscience%22">European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience</searchLink>. Jun2025, Vol. 275 Issue 4, p973-989. 17p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+processing+speed%22">Cognitive processing speed</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Executive+function%22">Executive function</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Obesity%22">Obesity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+depression%22">Mental depression</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neuropsychology%22">Neuropsychology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22COVID-19+pandemic%22">COVID-19 pandemic</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Employment%22">Employment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+flexibility%22">Cognitive flexibility</searchLink>
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  Data: The risk factors for post-COVID-19 cognitive impairment have been poorly described. This study aimed to identify the sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle characteristics that characterize a group of post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) participants with neuropsychological impairment. The study sample included 426 participants with PCC who underwent a neurobehavioral evaluation. We selected seven mental speed processing and executive function variables to obtain a data-driven partition. Clustering algorithms were applied, including K-means, bisecting K-means, and Gaussian mixture models. Different machine learning algorithms were then used to obtain a classifier able to separate the two clusters according to the demographic, clinical, emotional, and lifestyle variables, including logistic regression with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) (L1) and Ridge (L2) regularization, support vector machines (linear/quadratic/radial basis function kernels), and decision tree ensembles (random forest/gradient boosting trees). All clustering quality measures were in agreement in detecting only two clusters in the data based solely on cognitive performance. A model with four variables (cognitive reserve, depressive symptoms, obesity, and change in work situation) obtained with logistic regression with LASSO regularization was able to classify between good and poor cognitive performers with an accuracy and a weighted averaged precision of 72%, a recall of 73%, and an area under the curve of 0.72. PCC individuals with a lower cognitive reserve, more depressive symptoms, obesity, and a change in employment status were at greater risk for poor performance on tasks requiring mental processing speed and executive function. Study registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05307575. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=185809793
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